Polymeric fiber sensor for sensitive detection of carbon dioxide based on apodized wavelength modulation spectroscopy
TL;DR: In this paper, the performance of an optical sensor that employs an unbuffered polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-cladding fiber optic is demonstrated for the sensitive detection of CO2 gas in the near-infrared region for around 1.57 µm using the apodized 2f/1f wavelength modulation spectroscopy method.
Abstract: The performance of an optical sensor that employs an unbuffered polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-cladding fiber optic is demonstrated for the sensitive detection of CO2 gas in the near-infrared region for around 1.57 µm using the apodized 2f/1f wavelength modulation spectroscopy method. The permeability and diffusion characteristics of the PDMS fiber have been theoretically examined and numerically simulated. The results of the simulation are verified by an experimental setup containing a DFB laser source and 5-m-coiled unbuffered PDMS fiber placed in a pre-vacuumed cell filled with about 980 ± 10 Torr of pure CO2 gas. A minimum detectable absorption of ~0.9 × 10−4 is measured, corresponding to a detection sensitivity of ~4.5 × 10−11
$${\text{cm}}^{ - 1} /{\text{Hz}}^{1/2}$$
. The effect of the scaling k-factor on the apodized signal is subsequently studied, showing close agreement between the simulation and experimental results.
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TL;DR: Sensors for Organic Species, New Schemes and Materials, and New SensingSchemes 220 Molecularly Imprinted Polymer (MIP)-Based Sensors 221 Photonic Crystals 223 Author Information 223 Corresponding Authors 223 Notes 223 Biographies 223 Acknowledgments 223 References 223
Abstract: Xu-dong Wang*,† and Otto S. Wolfbeis*,‡ †Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 200433 Shanghai, P. R. China ‡Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemoand Biosensors, University of Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany ■ CONTENTS Books, Reviews, and Articles of General Interest 204 Sensors for (Dissolved) Gases and Vapors 204 Hydrogen 204 Hydrocarbons 206 Oxygen 206 Carbon Dioxide 208 Nitrogen Oxides 208 Other Gases 208 Ammonia 209 Ethanol 209 Other Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC)s 210 Sensors for Humidity, Water Fractions, Hydrogen Peroxide, and Hydrazine 211 Humidity 211 Water Fractions in Organic Solvents 212 Hydrogen Peroxide 213 Sensors for pH Values, Ions, and Salinity 213 pH Values 213 Ions 214 Salinity and Ionic Strength 215 Sensors for Organic Species 216 Glucose Sensing 216 Sucrose 217 Oils 217 Other Organics 217 Biosensors 218 Nucleic Acid-Based Biosensors (DNAand Aptamer-Based) 218 Immunosensors 218 Enzymatic Biosensors 219 Other Biosensors 220 New Schemes and Materials 220 New Sensing Schemes 220 Molecularly Imprinted Polymer (MIP)-Based Sensors 221 Photonic Crystals 223 Author Information 223 Corresponding Authors 223 Notes 223 Biographies 223 Acknowledgments 223 References 223
348 citations
TL;DR: It is found that DWT-assisted ANFIS is quite sufficient for CO2 signal recovery that is obscured by a huge amount of unknown noises without need of using a prior estimation of the noise feature.
Abstract: We report on the capability of adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) coupled with discrete wavelet transform (DWT) for the de-noising of absorption signals The proposed method is examined for the de-noising of a CO2 spectrum which is experimentally traced in the near-infrared around 157 μm This is performed by contaminating the spectrum with a various types of complicated noise figures produced by several approaches It is found that DWT-assisted ANFIS is quite sufficient for CO2 signal recovery that is obscured by a huge amount of unknown noises without need of using a prior estimation of the noise feature Eventually, enhanced signal-to-noise ratio of about 117 is obtained
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TL;DR: The potential and drawbacks of the apodized 2f/1f wavelength modulation spectroscopy are theoretically studied and experimentally characterized in this paper, where the authors apply a near-infrared DFB-based laser spectrometer, tunable around the R(32) CO2 absorption line centered at 6369.408 cm−1.
Abstract: The potential and drawbacks of the apodized 2f/1f wavelength modulation spectroscopy are theoretically studied and experimentally characterized. We apply a near-infrared DFB-based laser spectrometer, tunable around the R(32) CO2 absorption line centered at 6369.408 cm−1. The performance of the apodized method is shown by minimizing the pressure deviation between the gauge and experimental pressures by using the beneficial effect of the scaling $$k$$
-factor. This factor equalizes the experimental and simulated peak heights of the CO2 absorption trace. We found that when $$k$$
-factor is varied up to its optimum value of ~200, a pressure deviation of nearly zero is obtained at a case pressure of 19 ± 0.5 mbar. Under such optimum condition a minimum uncertainty of ±1 mbar is also obtained for the pressure deviation. However, we further acquired that far from this optimum condition, compared to the common method, the apodized approach is also capable of reducing the pressure deviation by ~13.5 % at 20 ± 0.5 mbar of CO2 pressure, indicating the performance of the proposed method for precise pressure measurement of a gas sample, regardless of the optical limits.
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2,970 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the perfluorocarbon penetrants (CF4, C2F6, and C3F8) are shown to exhibit linear sorption isotherms.
Abstract: The permeability of poly(dimethylsiloxane) [PDMS] to H2, O2, N2, CO2, CH4, C2H6, C3H8, CF4, C2F6, and C3F8, and solubility of these penetrants were determined as a function of pressure at 35 °C Permeability coefficients of perfluorinated penetrants (CF4, C2F6, and C3F8) are approximately an order of magnitude lower than those of their hydrocarbon analogs (CH4, C2H6, and C3H8), and the perfluorocarbon permeabilities are significantly lower than even permanent gas permeability coefficients This result is ascribed to very low perfluorocarbon solubilities in hydrocarbon-based PDMS coupled with low diffusion coefficients relative to those of their hydrocarbon analogs The perfluorocarbons are sparingly soluble in PDMS and exhibit linear sorption isotherms The Flory–Huggins interaction parameters for perfluorocarbon penetrants are substantially greater than those of their hydrocarbon analogs, indicating less favorable energetics of mixing perfluorocarbons with PDMS Based on the sorption results and conventional lattice solution theory with a coordination number of 10, the formation of a single C3F8/PDMS segment pair requires 460 J/mol more energy than the formation of a C3H8/PDMS pair A breakdown in the geometric mean approximation of the interaction energy between fluorocarbons and hydrocarbons was observed These results are consistent with the solubility behavior of hydrocarbon–fluorocarbon liquid mixtures and hydrocarbon and fluorocarbon gas solubility in hydrocarbon liquids From the permeability and sorption data, diffusion coefficients were determined as a function of penetrant concentration Perfluorocarbon diffusion coefficients are lower than those of their hydrocarbon analogs, consistent with the larger size of the fluorocarbons © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 38: 415–434, 2000
1,046 citations
"Polymeric fiber sensor for sensitiv..." refers methods in this paper
...In this method, the sample is penetrated into the permeable cladding made of a specific polymer known as polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) which has very desirable physical characteristics [24, 25] for penetrating a wide range of materials in liquid and gas phases....
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01 Dec 2007TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a detailed analysis of planar optical waveguide and a step-index fiber model for optical fiber communication and demonstrate the properties of a step index fiber.
Abstract: 1. Introduction 2. Basic optics 3. The optical fiber 4. Ray analysis of planar optical waveguide 5. Graded index optical fibers 6. Material dispersion 7. Planar waveguides 8. Characteristics of a step-index fiber 9. Graded Index fibers 10. Waveguide dispersion and design considerations 11. Sources for optical fiber communication 12. Detectors for optical fiber and communication 13. Fiber optic communication system design 14. Optical fiber Amplifiers 15. Dispersion compensation and chirping phenomenon 16. Optical solitons 17. Single-mode fiber optic components 18. Single mode optical fiber sensors 19. Measurement methods in optical fiber: I 20. Measurement methods in optical fibers: II 21. Periodic interactions in waveguides 22. Ray equation in Cartesian coordinates 23. Ray paths 24. Leaky modes.
843 citations
TL;DR: Tapered fiber-optic biosensors (TFOBS) as mentioned in this paper are a type of FOBS which rely on special geometries to expose the evanescent field to interact with samples.
Abstract: Fiber-optic biosensors (FOBS) are optical fiber-derived devices which use optical field to measure biological species such as cells, proteins, and DNA. Because of their efficiency, accuracy, low cost, and convenience, FOBS are promising alternatives to traditional immunological methods for biomolecule measurements. Tapered fiber-optic biosensors (TFOBS) are a type of FOBS which rely on special geometries to expose the evanescent field to interact with samples. In order to amplify sensitivity and selectivity, TFOBS are often used with various optical transduction mechanisms such as changes in refractive index, absorption, fluorescence, and Surface Plasmon Resonance. In this review, the basic principles of TFOBS are summarized. Various common geometries for evanescent sensing and the influence of geometric parameters on optical principles are reviewed. Finally, a detailed account of the studies done to date for biomolecules detection using TFOBS will be provided. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
623 citations