Polymeric photorefractive materials
About: This article is published in Chemical Reviews.The article was published on 1994-01-01. It has received 665 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Photorefractive effect & Organic photorefractive materials.
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors present the development of crystal-engineering strategies toward the synthesis of non-centrosymmetric infinite coordination networks for use as second-order nonlinear optical (NLO) materials.
Abstract: Crystal engineering, the ability to predict and control the packing of molecular building units in the solid state, has attracted much attention over the past three decades owing to its potential exploitation for the synthesis of technologically important materials. We present here the development of crystal-engineering strategies toward the synthesis of noncentrosymmetric infinite coordination networks for use as second-order nonlinear optical (NLO) materials. Work performed mainly in our laboratory has demonstrated that noncentrosymmetric solids based on infinite networks can be rationally synthesized by combining unsymmetrical bridging ligands and metal centers with well-defined coordination geometries. Specifically, coordination networks based on 3D diamondoid and 2D grid structures can be successfully engineered with a high degree of probability and predictability to crystallize in noncentrosymmetric space groups. We have also included noncentrosymmetric solids based on 1D chains and related helical structures for comparison.
2,344 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the recent progress of studies on photo-and electroactive amorphous molecular materials, highlighting photochromic amorphus molecular materials and their use in organic EL devices is discussed.
Abstract: A new field of organic materials science that deals with amorphous molecular glasses has been opened up. In addition, amorphous molecular materials have constituted a new class of functional organic materials for use in various applications. This article is focused on the recent progress of studies on photo- and electroactive amorphous molecular materials, highlighting photochromic amorphous molecular materials, amorphous molecular resists, and amorphous molecular materials for use in devices such as organic EL devices. The molecular design concepts, syntheses, reactions, molecular and solid-state properties, functions, and device fabrication and performance are described.
883 citations
TL;DR: Two types of photomodulation of orientations of liquid crystals (LCs) are reviewed: 1) order-disorder phase transitions induced by photochemical reactions of photochromic molecules and 2) orderorder alignment change of LCs (change in LC directors) induced by photoochemical reactions or without photochemical events.
Abstract: Two types of photomodulation of orientations of liquid crystals (LCs) are reviewed: 1) order–disorder phase transitions of LCs induced by photochemical reactions of photochromic molecules and 2) order–order alignment change of LCs (change in LC directors) induced by photochemical reactions or without photochemical events. Both processes produce a large refractive-index modulation, which forms the basis of a range of photonic applications. Various modes of photomodulation of orientations of LCs with plausible mechanisms and their possible applications in photonics are described.
688 citations
TL;DR: A brief survey of NLO polymeric materials based on azobenzene units and of high thermal and temporal stability can be found in this paper, where a wide range of additional applications of azobenene chromophore is summarized, including photorefractivity, all-optical poling, holographic surface relief gratings, photo-assisted poling and optical data storage based on photochromism.
533 citations
TL;DR: The next generation of composites, including Hybrid Organic−Inorganic Composites and Glasses, will be dominated by Organic Amorphous Glasses and Polymer Composites, while Polymethine-Dispersed Liquid Crystals will be used for Crystal-Containing Materials.
Abstract: 5.3.2. Traps and Grating Dark Decay 3288 5.3.3. Other Concerns 3288 6. New Photorefractive Materials 3289 6.1. Polymer Composites 3289 6.2. Organic Amorphous Glasses 3292 6.3. Fully Functionalized Polymers 3294 6.4. Polymer-Dispersed Liquid Crystals 3295 6.5. Other Liquid Crystal-Containing Materials 3296 6.6. Near-Infrared-Sensitive Materials 3297 6.7. Other Materials Directions 3298 6.7.1. Hybrid Organic−Inorganic Composites and Glasses 3298
417 citations