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Journal ArticleDOI

Polymerization of thiophene containing cyclobutadiene Co cyclopentadiene complexes

01 Jun 2006-Synthetic Metals (Elsevier)-Vol. 156, Iss: 11, pp 784-791
TL;DR: In this article, a series of cyclobutadiene cobalt cyclopentadiene (CbCoCp) complexes containing electrochemically polymerizable thiophene units were synthesized.
About: This article is published in Synthetic Metals.The article was published on 2006-06-01. It has received 11 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Cyclobutadiene & Thiophene.
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, organic synthesis of a new functional thia-bilane structure (S-BIL) and the sensor performance of electrochemically formed molecular imprinted polymer (pSBIL MIP) deposited on pencil graphite electrode (PeGE) were demonstrated.
Abstract: Synthesis of specific and functional novel monomers for molecular imprinting-based vital biomedical applications has attracted great attention. In the current study, organic synthesis of a new functional thia-bilane structure (S-BIL) and the sensor performance of electrochemically formed molecular imprinted polymer (pS-BIL MIP) deposited on pencil graphite electrode (PeGE) were demonstrated. The synthesis of monomer S-BIL was carried out by the addition reaction of tripyrrane 1 to nitrovinyl thiophene 2 in the presence of molecular iodine. The resulting monomer was purified by using flash column chromatography and characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and HRMS techniques. Afterwards, dopamine (DA) was embedded into the polymeric structure during the facile electropolymerization of the S-BIL monomer. Methods such as cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and contact angle measurement were used for the characterization of the MIP electrode. Under the optimal conditions, pS-BIL MIP electrode showed a very good linearity for dopamine in the concentration range of 0.05 μM to 250 μM and a low limit of detection (LOD), 20 nM (n = 3). These results were compared with the response of the non-imprinted polymer modified electrode (NIP) and unmodified electrode. Prominent throughputs were accomplished with the pS-BIL MIP PeGE. The MIP electrode was tested in the presence of various interferents such as urea, tryptophan, ascorbic acid and glucose. This specifically designed monomer for electrochemical molecular imprinting technology contributes to outstanding sensor performances including high sensitivity and selectivity, good stability, reproducibility and robustness.

22 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the Pd-catalyzed coupling of cyclopentadienyltin or of (CpM)zinc reagents with (tetraiodocyclobutadiene)iron(tricabonyl) pentametals was used for the construction of cyclobuttadiene complexes.

7 citations

Book ChapterDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss the advances in the chemistry of thiophenes, selenophenes, and tellurophenes reported during the year 2006, focusing on general ring synthesis and the reactions of the thiophene derivatives.
Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the advances in the chemistry of thiophenes, selenophenes, and tellurophenes reported during the year 2006. The remarkable productivity in this field is manifested not only in all contributions devoted to fundamental reactivity and properties, but also by the numerous papers dealing with the applications of thiophene-containing molecules, for instance, in medicinal chemistry and materials science. The chapter focuses on general ring synthesis and the reactions of thiophene derivatives. The field of thiophene-containing diarylethenes continues to attract considerable interest. Many of the structures display interesting properties and could be useful in design of new electronic devices. The thiophene moiety, which is a common isostere of benzene, has been incorporated in a great number of biologically active compounds targeting a wide variety of potential medical applications. A series of functionalized tetrahydrothiophenes has been prepared by acid induced organocatalytic reactions involving α,β-unsaturated aldehydes and 2-mercapto-1-phenylethanone. This procedure led to good yields of products displaying useful enantiomeric excess.

6 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the optimization of the polymerization conditions as well as the characterization of the electrochemical, spectral and mass exchange behavior of polybithiophene composite films is summarized.
Abstract: In opposite with the usually applied synthesis in organic media, the polymerization of bithiophene in aqueous media has been studied. The use of a non-ionic surfactant (polyoxyethylene octyl phenyl ether (Triton X-100)) is useful not only to solubilize the hydrophobic monomer but it is also important to incorporate various—biologically and catalytically active—additives. In this paper, the optimization of the polymerization conditions as well as the characterization of the electrochemical, spectral and mass exchange behavior of these composite films is summarized. The layers have shown imperceptible electroactivity in monomer-free aqueous LiClO4 solutions, and electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) studies exhibited scarce ion movements, caused assumingly by the fact that the dopant species—moving together with their hydrate shell in the aqueous media—could not penetrate into the hydrophobic film. In contrast, nice reversible redox transformation could be obtained in organic medium such as acetonitrile, where—according to the EQCM results—the charge carrier formation/depletion is accompanied by the incorporation/removal of ClO4− anions. In this solution, the spectral changes have proved the transformation into the conducting state, connected to both mono- and di-cation forms. The incorporation of the surfactant has been demonstrated by the extraordinary surface morphology of the polybithiophene (pBT) films, characterized by scanning electron microscopy. The elementary composition of the curious shell-shaped objects, monitored by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), evidenced the presence of Triton X-100 by the increased C/S ratio compared to neat polybithiophene, while the Cl/S data reflected the changes connected to the doping level as a consequence of ClO4− anion movements. Moreover, ex situ attenuated total reflectance (ATR) FT–IR measurements clearly showed the existence of C―O bonds, also proving the successful functionalization by the surfactant, built permanently into the redox active films.

5 citations

Patent
28 Mar 2012
TL;DR: In this paper, the use of certain cobalt complexes as electron donors and in combination with an electron acceptor for preparing an active layer in a photovoltaic conversion cell was described.
Abstract: The invention relates to the use of certain cobalt complexes as electron donors and in combination with an electron acceptor for preparing an active layer in a photovoltaic conversion cell, as well as to the photovoltaic conversion cell in which the electron donor of the active layer includes such cobalt complexes.
References
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Book
01 Jan 1980
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a comprehensive overview of electrode processes and their application in the field of chemical simulation, including potential sweep and potential sweep methods, coupled homogeneous chemical reactions, double-layer structure and adsorption.
Abstract: Major Symbols. Standard Abbreviations. Introduction and Overview of Electrode Processes. Potentials and Thermodynamics of Cells. Kinetics of Electrode Reactions. Mass Transfer by Migration and Diffusion. Basic Potential Step Methods. Potential Sweep Methods. Polarography and Pulse Voltammetry. Controlled--Current Techniques. Method Involving Forced Convention--Hydrodynamic Methods. Techniques Based on Concepts of Impedance. Bulk Electrolysis Methods. Electrode Reactions with Coupled Homogeneous Chemical Reactions. Double--Layer Structure and Adsorption. Electroactive Layers and Modified Electrodes. Electrochemical Instrumentation. Scanning Probe Techniques. Spectroelectrochemistry and Other Coupled Characterization Methods. Photoelectrochemistry and Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence. Appendix A: Mathematical Methods. Appendix B: Digital Simulations of Electrochemical Problems. Appendix C: Reference Tables. Index.

20,533 citations

Book
01 Jan 1986
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors presented the theory and properties of conjugated polymers, including transport, optical, and self-assembly properties of poly(3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene)-polymers.
Abstract: Volume 1: Conjugated Polymers: Theory, Synthesis, Properties, and Characterization PART 1: THEORY OF CONJUGATED POLYMERS On the Transport, Optical, and Self-Assembly Properties of -Conjugated Materials: A Combined Theoretical/Experimental Insight D. Beljonne, J. Cornil, V. Coropceanu, D.A. da Silva Filho, V. Geskin, R. Lazzaroni, P. Leclere, and J.-L. Bredas Theoretical Studies of Electron-Lattice Dynamics in Organic Systems S. Stafstroem PART 2: SYNTHESIS AND CLASSES OF CONJUGATED POLYMERS Helical Polyacetylene Synthesized in Chiral Nematic Liquid Crystals K. Akagi Synthesis and Properties of Poly(arylene vinylene)s A.C. Grimsdale and A.B. Holmes Blue-Emitting Poly(para-Phenylene)-Type Polymers E.J.W. List and U. Scherf Poly(paraPhenyleneethynylene)s and Poly(aryleneethynylene)s: Materials with a Bright Future U.H.F. Bunz Polyaniline Nanofibers: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications J. Huang and R.B. Kaner Recent Advances in Polypyrrole S.H. Cho, K.T. Song, and J.Y. Lee Regioregular Polythiophenes M. Jeffries-El and R.D. McCullough Poly(3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene)-Scientific Importance, Remarkable Properties, and Applications S. Kirchmeyer, K. Reuter, and J.C. Simpson Thienothiophenes: From Monomers to Polymers G.A. Sotzing, V. Seshadri, and F.J. Waller Low Bandgap Conducting Polymers S.C. Rasmussen and M. Pomerantz Advanced Functional Polythiophenes Based on Tailored Precursors P. Blanchard, P. Leriche, P. Frere, and J. Roncali Structure-Property Relationships and Applications of Conjugated Polyelectrolytes K.S. Schanze and X. Zhao PART 3: PROPERTIES AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CONJUGATED POLYMERS Insulator-Metal Transition and Metallic State in Conducting Polymers A.J. Epstein One-Dimensional Charge Transport in Conducting Polymer Nanofibers A.N. Aleshin and Y.W. Park Structure Studies of - and - Conjugated Polymers M.J. Winokur Electrochemistry of Conducting Polymers P. Audebert and F. Miomandre Internal Fields and Electrode Interfaces in Organic Semiconductor Devices: Noninvasive Investigations via Electroabsorption T.M. Brown and F. Cacialli Electrochromism of Conjugated Conducting Polymers A.L. Dyer and J.R. Reynolds Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Conjugated Polymers M.P. de Jong, G. Greczyniski, W. Osikowicz, R. Friedlein, X. Crispin, M. Fahlman, and W.R. Salaneck Ultrafast Exciton Dynamics and Laser Action in -ConjugatedSemiconductors Z. Valy Vardeny and O. Korovyanko Volume 2: Conjugated Polymers: Processing and Applications PART 1: PROCESSING OF CONJUGATED POLYMERS Conductive Polymers as Organic Nanometals B. Wessling Conducting Polymer Fiber Production and Applications I.D. Norris and B.R. Mattes Inkjet Printing and Patterning of PEDOT-PSS: Application to Optoelectronic Devices Y. Yoshioka and G.E. Jabbour Printing Organic Electronics on Flexible Substrates N.D. Robinson and M. Berggren PART 2: APPLICATIONS AND DEVICES BASED ON CONJUGATED POLYMERS Polymers for Use in Polymeric Light-Emitting Diodes: Structure-Property Relationships H. Christian-Pandya, S. Vaidyanathan, and M. Galvin Organic Electro-Optic Materials L.R. Dalton Conjugated Polymer Electronics-Engineering Materials and Devices N. Tessler, J. Veres, O. Globerman, N. Rappaport, Y. Preezant, Y. Roichman, O. Solomesch, S. Tal, E. Gershman, M. Adler, V. Zolotarev, V. Gorelik, and Y. Eichen Electrical Bistable Polymer Films and Their Applications in Memory Devices J. Ouyang, C.-W. Chu, R.J. Tseng, A. Prakash, and Y. Yang Electroactive Polymers for Batteries and Supercapacitors J.A. Irvin, D.J. Irvin, and J.D. Stenger-Smith Conjugated Polymer-Based Photovoltaic Devices A.J. Mozer and N.S. Sariciftci Biomedical Applications of Inherently Conducting Polymers (ICPs),P.C. Innis, S.E. Moulton, and G.G. Wallace Biosensors Based on Conducting Electroactive Polymers S. Brahim, A.M. Wilson, and A. Guiseppi-Elie Optical Biosensors Based on Conjugated Polymers K. Peter, R. Nilsson, and O. Inganas Conjugated Polymers for Microelectromechanical and Other Microdevices G.M. Spinks and E. Smela Corrosion Protection Using Conducting Polymers D.E. Tallman and G.P. Bierwagen Artificial Muscles T.F. Otero

5,843 citations

Book ChapterDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a review is concerned with the neglected class of inorganic compounds, which contain ions of the same element in two different formal states of oxidation, and a number of references cite that many individual examples of this class have been studied, yet they have very rarely been treated as a class, and there has never before, to our knowledge, been a systematic attempt to classify their properties in terms of their electronic and molecular structures.
Abstract: Publisher Summary This review is concerned with the neglected class of inorganic compounds, which contain ions of the same element in two different formal states of oxidation. Although the number of references cited in our review show that many individual examples of this class have been studied, yet they have very rarely been treated as a class, and there has never before, to our knowledge, been a systematic attempt to classify their properties in terms of their electronic and molecular structures. In the past, systems containing an element in two different states of oxidation have gone by various names, the terms “mixed valence,” nonintegral valence,” “mixed oxidation,” “oscillating valency,” and “controlled valency” being used interchangeably. Actually, none of these is completely accurate or all-embracing, but in our hope to avoid the introduction of yet another definition, we have somewhat arbitrarily adopted the phrase “mixed valence” for the description of these systems. The concept of resonance among various valence bond structures is one of the cornerstones of modern organic chemistry.

2,208 citations

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