Polymerization via Zwitterion. 9. Alternating Copolymerizations of 2-Phenyl-1,3,2-dioxaphospholane with Electrophilic Monomers of Acrylic Acid, β-Propiolactone, and Acrylamide
About: This article is published in Macromolecules.The article was published on 1976-09-01. It has received 25 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Polymerization & Acrylic acid.
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TL;DR: In this article, a hybrid copolymerization of e-caprolactone and methyl methacrylate with (1-tert-butyl-4,4, 4,4-tris(dimethylamino)-2,2-bis[tris (dimethyamino)phophoranylidenamino]-2Λ5, Λ5-κε-5-catenadi(phosphazene) (t-BuP4) was studied.
Abstract: Copolymerization of e-caprolactone and methyl methacrylate with (1-tert-butyl-4,4,4-tris(dimethylamino)-2,2-bis[tris(dimethylamino)phophoranylidenamino]-2Λ5,Λ5-catenadi(phosphazene) (t-BuP4) as the catalyst has been studied. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements indicate that the cyclic ester and vinyl monomer form a random copolymer. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) measurements demonstrate that such a random copolymer exhibits a decomposition temperature higher than those of the corresponding homopolymers. The present study reveals a “hybrid copolymerization” i.e., a combination of vinyl polymerization and ring-opening polymerization, which makes the incorporation of cyclic and vinyl monomers into the same polymer chain possible. Hybrid copolymerization is expected to produce a number of new interesting polymers.
106 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a new Copolymerisationstyp beschrieben, der sich dadurch auszeichnet, das das Kettenwachstum spontan ohne Zusatz eines Katalysators ablauft.
Abstract: In diesem Aufsatz wird ein neuer Copolymerisationstyp beschrieben, der sich dadurch auszeichnet, das das Kettenwachstum spontan ohne Zusatz eines Katalysators ablauft. Ein nucleophiles (MN) und ein elektrophiles Monomer (ME) reagieren zu einem Zwitterion (+MNM), von dem Start- und Wachstumsreaktionen ausgehen. 23 neuartige Copolymerisationen wurden auf der Basis dieses Konzepts ausgearbeitet. Als MN-Monomere wurden funf- und sechsgliedrige cyclische Iminoether, Dihydro-2(3H)-furanimin, ein Azetidin, ein cyclischer Phosphinsaureester und eine Schiff-Base untersucht, als ME-Monomere β-Propiolacton, ein cyclisches Dicarbonsaureanhydrid, ein Sulton, Acrylsaure, Acrylamid, ein β-Hydroxyalkylarylat und Ethylensulfonamid. Bei den meisten Kombinationen entstehen alternierende 1 : 1-Copolymere. Auserdem wurde die alternierende 1 : 1-Copolymerisation eines cyclischen Phosphits mit α-Ketosauren entdeckt.
19 citations
01 Jan 1985
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe alternating copolymerization in which two kinds of monomer interact with each other to generate zwitterion intermediates leading to the production of alternatingcopolymers.
Abstract: This chapter describes alternating copolymerizations in which two kinds of monomer interact with each other to generate zwitterion intermediates leading to the production of alternating copolymers. Since zwitterions are responsible for both initiation and propagation in these systems, it is not necessary to employ a catalyst (initiator) or high-energy irradiation to induce the copolymerization. Thus, this type of copolymerization is sometimes called “no-catalyst alternating copolymerization via zwitterion intermediates” or “spontaneous alternating copolymerization via zwitterion intermediates.” These alternating copolymerizations have been developed mainly by the present authors and co-workers in the past decade.(1)
14 citations
TL;DR: A review of alternating copolymerization in terms of the varieties of the types of reactions, the type of monomer, and the combinations of monomers can be found in this article.
Abstract: The monomer-monomer interaction plays important roles in many cases of alternating copolymerizations. This article describes first a review of alternating copolymerizations in terms of the varieties of the types of reactions, the types of monomers, and the combinations of monomers. The reactions of alternating copolymerizations are classified into the following five types; (i) free radical alternating copolymerization involving polar vinyl monomers (Type-1), (ii) free radical alternating copolymerization between olefins and acrylic monomers with the assistance of Lewis acids (Type-2), (iii) alternating copolymerization of olefins and diolefins with Ziegler-Natta catalysts (Type-3), (iv) ring-opening copolymerization of heterocyclic monomers (Type-4), and (v) spontaneous alternating copolymerization via zwitterion intermediates (Type-5). The monomers which have been involved in alternating copolymerizations are polar vinyl compounds, mono-olefins, diolefins, heterocyclic compounds, SO2, CO2 and isocyanates. Then, the general patterns of the mechanisms of sequence control were described, and the detailed mechanisms were discussed in the copolymerizations of Types-1, -2 and -5 in which the monomer-monomer interaction has been reported to be responsible for the initiation and the sequence regulation.
13 citations
TL;DR: The spontaneous zwitterionic copolymerisation (SZWIP) of compatible nucleophilic and electrophilic monomers is a relatively unknown and unexplored method for the synthesis of (predominantly alternating) degradable co- and terpolymers as mentioned in this paper.
12 citations