Polyplex Micelles with Double-Protective Compartments of Hydrophilic Shell and Thermoswitchable Palisade of Poly(oxazoline)-Based Block Copolymers for Promoted Gene Transfection.
TL;DR: The utility of amphiphilic poly(oxazoline) as a molecular thermal switch to improve the stability of polyplex gene carriers relevant for physiological applications is corroborated.
About: This article is published in Biomacromolecules.The article was published on 2016-01-11 and is currently open access. It has received 48 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Micelle & Lower critical solution temperature.
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TL;DR: By shaping these features, polymeric micelles have been propitious for delivering a wide range of therapeutics through effective sensing of targets in the body and adjustment of their properties in response to particular stimuli, modulating the activity of the loaded drugs at the targeted sites, even at the subcellular level.
Abstract: Polymeric micelles are demonstrating high potential as nanomedicines capable of controlling the distribution and function of loaded bioactive agents in the body, effectively overcoming biological barriers, and various formulations are engaged in intensive preclinical and clinical testing. This Review focuses on polymeric micelles assembled through multimolecular interactions between block copolymers and the loaded drugs, proteins, or nucleic acids as translationable nanomedicines. The aspects involved in the design of successful micellar carriers are described in detail on the basis of the type of polymer/payload interaction, as well as the interplay of micelles with the biological interface, emphasizing on the chemistry and engineering of the block copolymers. By shaping these features, polymeric micelles have been propitious for delivering a wide range of therapeutics through effective sensing of targets in the body and adjustment of their properties in response to particular stimuli, modulating the act...
782 citations
TL;DR: This review aims to give a comprehensive and critical update of the development of poly(2-oxazoline) based biomaterials, focusing on the last 5 years, which have seen an explosive increase of interest.
238 citations
TL;DR: A review of the recent advances in the emerging field of thermoresponsive polyamides or polymeric amides can be found in this article, with a specific focus on structure-thermore-sponsive property relationships, self-assembly, and applications.
215 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors argue that much effort should be made to provide definitive evidence for proof-of-mechanism, in lieu of creating many new and complicated systems for similar proofof-concept.
Abstract: The past few decades have witnessed an evolution of nanomedicine from biologically inert entities to more smart systems, aimed at advancing in vivo functionality. However, we should recognize that most systems still rely on reasonable explanation-including some over-explanation-rather than definitive evidence, which is a watershed radically determining the speed and extent of advancing nanomedicine. Probing nano-bio interactions and desirable functionality at the tissue, cellular, and molecular levels is most frequently overlooked. Progress toward answering these questions will provide instructive insight guiding more effective chemo-physical strategies. Thus, in the next generation, we argue that much effort should be made to provide definitive evidence for proof-of-mechanism, in lieu of creating many new and complicated systems for similar proof-of-concept.
109 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a review of nano-and micro-scale POx particulate materials available to date with particular focus on macromolecular design of the polymers used for individual formulation techniques is presented.
96 citations
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4,701 citations
TL;DR: Two nonviral gene delivery systems using either biodegradable poly(D,Llactide-co-glycolide) (PLG) nanoparticles or cell penetrating peptide (CPP) complexes have been designed and studied using A549 human lung epithelial cells.
Abstract: The development of nonviral vectors for safe and efficient gene delivery has been gaining considerable attention recently. An ideal nonviral vector must protect the gene against degradation by nuclease in the extracellular matrix, internalize the plasma membrane, escape from the endosomal compartment, unpackage the gene at some point and have no detrimental effects. In comparison to viruses, nonviral vectors are relatively easy to synthesize, less immunogenic, low in cost, and have no limitation in the size of a gene that can be delivered. Significant progress has been made in the basic science and applications of various nonviral gene delivery vectors; however, the majority of nonviral approaches are still inefficient and often toxic. To this end, two nonviral gene delivery systems using either biodegradable poly(D,Llactide-co-glycolide) (PLG) nanoparticles or cell penetrating peptide (CPP) complexes have been designed and studied using A549 human lung epithelial cells. PLG nanoparticles were optimized for gene delivery by varying particle surface chemistry using different coating materials that adsorb to the particle surface during formation. A variety of cationic coating materials were studied and compared to more conventional surfactants used for PLG nanoparticle fabrication. Nanoparticles (~200 nm) efficiently encapsulated plasmids encoding for luciferase (80-90%) and slowly released the same for two weeks. After a delay, moderate levels of gene expression appeared at day 5 for certain positively charged PLG particles and gene expression was maintained for at least two weeks. In contrast, gene expression mediated by polyethyleneimine (PEI) ended at day 5. PLG particles were also significantly less
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TL;DR: The synthesis of block copolymers as well as graftCopolymers utilized as DNA delivery systems are described and particular emphasis is devoted to the association behavior and the physicochemical properties of polyion complex micelles entrapping DNA and related substances in relation to the biological aspects of the associates.
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TL;DR: In this article, a nearly monodisperse high molar mass poly( $N$-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) sample was used to study the globule-to-coil transition of a single homopolymer chain in solution.
Abstract: Using a nearly monodisperse high molar mass poly( $N$-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) sample, we successfully made the conformation change of individual PNIPAM chains from a coil to a fully collapsed stable single chain globule in an extremely dilute aqueous solution, which enabled us to study for the first time the globule-to-coil transition of a single homopolymer chain in solution. A comparison to the coil-to-globule and the globule-to-coil transitions revealed a hysteresis in the globule-to-coil transition. Our results also confirmed the existence of two additional thermodynamically stable states between the coil and the globule states, namely, the crumpled coil and the molten globule.
555 citations
TL;DR: The profile of the thermal melting curve revealed a higher stabilization of DNA structure in PEG-PLL/DNA complexes compared to that in the complex made from DNA and PLL homopolymer with the same molecular weight, suggesting DNA protection through the segregation into the core of the associate having PEG palisade.
481 citations