Polysaccharide-based aerogels—Promising biodegradable carriers for drug delivery systems
TL;DR: This review focuses on the state-of-the-art of the production of polysaccharide-based aerogels with emphasis on the influence of processing parameters on the resulting end material properties.
About: This article is published in Carbohydrate Polymers.The article was published on 2011-10-15. It has received 594 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Drug carrier & Drug delivery.
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TL;DR: This article critically and comprehensively reviews the emerging polysaccharide nanocrystal-based functional nanomaterials with special applications, such as biomedical materials, biomimetic optical nanmaterials, bio-inspired mechanically adaptive nanommaterials, permselective nanostructured membranes, template for synthesizing inorganic nanoparticles, polymer electrolytes, emulsion nano-stabilizer and decontamination of organic pollutants.
Abstract: Intensive exploration and research in the past few decades on polysaccharide nanocrystals, the highly crystalline nanoscale materials derived from natural resources, mainly focused originally on their use as a reinforcing nanophase in nanocomposites. However, these investigations have led to the emergence of more diverse potential applications exploiting the functionality of these nanomaterials. Based on the construction strategies of functional nanomaterials, this article critically and comprehensively reviews the emerging polysaccharide nanocrystal-based functional nanomaterials with special applications, such as biomedical materials, biomimetic optical nanomaterials, bio-inspired mechanically adaptive nanomaterials, permselective nanostructured membranes, template for synthesizing inorganic nanoparticles, polymer electrolytes, emulsion nano-stabilizer and decontamination of organic pollutants. We focus on the preparation, unique properties and performances of the different polysaccharide nanocrystal materials. At the same time, the advantages, physicochemical properties and chemical modifications of polysaccharide nanocrystals are also comparatively discussed in view of materials development. Finally, the perspective and current challenges of polysaccharide nanocrystals in future functional nanomaterials are outlined.
758 citations
TL;DR: This review aims to collate the knowledge available about the sources, chemical structure, and physical and chemical isolation procedures, as well as describes the mechanical, optical, and rheological properties, of cellulose nanocrystals.
Abstract: Cellulose nanocrystals are unique nanomaterials derived from the most abundant and almost inexhaustible natural polymer, cellulose. These nanomaterials have received significant interest due to their mechanical, optical, chemical, and rheological properties. Cellulose nanocrystals primarily obtained from naturally occurring cellulose fibers are biodegradable and renewable in nature and hence they serve as a sustainable and environmentally friendly material for most applications. These nanocrystals are basically hydrophilic in nature; however, they can be surface functionalized to meet various challenging requirements, such as the development of high-performance nanocomposites, using hydrophobic polymer matrices. Considering the ever-increasing interdisciplinary research being carried out on cellulose nanocrystals, this review aims to collate the knowledge available about the sources, chemical structure, and physical and chemical isolation procedures, as well as describes the mechanical, optical, and rheological properties, of cellulose nanocrystals. Innovative applications in diverse fields such as biomedical engineering, material sciences, electronics, catalysis, etc, wherein these cellulose nanocrystals can be used, are highlighted.
568 citations
Cites background from "Polysaccharide-based aerogels—Promi..."
...CNC-based aerogels are also receiving growing interest in biomedical and pharmaceutical applications due to their open pore structure and high surface area, which can provide enhanced drug bioavailability and better drug-loading capacity.(65) Highly porous nanocellulose aerogel scaffolds were reported to attain sustained drug release, which also revealed new possibilities as carriers for controlled drug delivery....
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TL;DR: This work demonstrated that the CNCs and CNFs based hydrogels have great promise in a wide range of biomedical applications in the future.
559 citations
TL;DR: This review reflects on recent advancements in the design and fabrication of advanced nanocellulose-based biomaterials that are promising for biomedical applications and discusses material requirements for each application, along with the challenges that the materials might face.
Abstract: Nanocellulose materials have undergone rapid development in recent years as promising biomedical materials because of their excellent physical and biological properties, in particular their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and low cytotoxicity. Recently, a significant amount of research has been directed toward the fabrication of advanced cellulose nanofibers with different morphologies and functional properties. These nanocellulose fibers are widely applied in medical implants, tissue engineering, drug delivery, wound-healing, cardiovascular applications, and other medical applications. In this review, we reflect on recent advancements in the design and fabrication of advanced nanocellulose-based biomaterials (cellulose nanocrystals, bacterial nanocellulose, and cellulose nanofibrils) that are promising for biomedical applications and discuss material requirements for each application, along with the challenges that the materials might face. Finally, we give an overview on future directions of nanocellulose-based materials in the biomedical field. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41719.
558 citations
TL;DR: The main goal of this paper was to review the sources, natively biological activities, isolation, characterization, and the structural features of natively bioactive polysaccharides from wood species to maximally exploit their various valuable properties in previously unperceived applications.
463 citations
References
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Journal Article•
5,981 citations
TL;DR: Chitin is the most abundant natural amino polysaccharide and is estimated to be produced annually almost as much as cellulose, and recent progress in chitin chemistry is quite noteworthy as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Chitin is the most abundant natural amino polysaccharide and is estimated to be produced annually almost as much as cellulose. It has become of great interest not only as an underutilized resource, but also as a new functional material of high potential in various fields, and recent progress in chitin chemistry is quite noteworthy. The purpose of this review is to take a closer look at chitin and chitosan applications. Based on current research and existing products, some new and futuristic approaches in this fascinating area are thoroughly discussed.
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TL;DR: The composition and synthesis of hydrogels, the character of their absorbed water, and permeation of solutes within their swollen matrices are reviewed to identify the most important properties relevant to their biomedical applications.
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TL;DR: It is shown that spedfic binding of divalent cations to a polysaechafide polyelectro]ym, leading firm cohesion between the chains, can cause characteristic effects in the c~rcutar diehroism spectrum which are understandabb in terms of modem theo~, [ l ].
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TL;DR: The authors analyze the factors necessary to enhance the design and manufacture of scaffolds for use in tissue engineering in terms of materials, structure, and mechanical properties and review the traditional scaffold fabrication methods.
Abstract: In tissue engineering, a highly porous artificial extracellular matrix or scaffold is required to accommodate mammalian cells and guide their growth and tissue regeneration in three dimensions. However, existing three-dimensional scaffolds for tissue engineering proved less than ideal for actual applications, not only because they lack mechanical strength, but they also do not guarantee interconnected channels. In this paper, the authors analyze the factors necessary to enhance the design and manufacture of scaffolds for use in tissue engineering in terms of materials, structure, and mechanical properties and review the traditional scaffold fabrication methods. Advantages and limitations of these traditional methods are also discussed.
2,195 citations