Book ChapterDOI
Positive Emotions Broaden and Build
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TLDR
A comprehensive review of the broad-and-build theory of positive emotions can be found in this paper, with a focus on the upward spiral model of lifestyle change and positivity resonance between and among people.Abstract:
This contribution offers a review, comprehensive to date, of a 15-year research program on the broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions. Although centered on evidence that has emerged from Fredrickson's Positive Emotions and Psychophysiology Laboratory (PEP Lab), it features key findings from other laboratories as well. It begins with a description of 10 representative positive emotions, alongside approaches for assessing them, both directly with the modified Differential Emotions Scale and indirectly through physiological and implicit measures. Next, it offers the seeds of the broaden-and-build theory, including work on the undo effect of positive emotions. It then reviews the state of the evidence for the twin hypotheses that stem from the broaden-and-build theory, the broaden hypothesis and the build hypothesis, including a focus on upward spiral dynamics. It touches next on new frontiers for the theory, including deeper investigations into the biological resources that positive emotions build as well as clinical and organizational applications. Finally, this contribution closes with a brief presentation of two offshoots from the broaden-and-build theory, namely, the upward spiral model of lifestyle change and work on love as positivity resonance between and among people. Both are targets of increasing work in the PEP Lab.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
How Positive Emotions Build Physical Health Perceived Positive Social Connections Account for the Upward Spiral Between Positive Emotions and Vagal Tone
Bethany E. Kok,Kimberly A. Coffey,Michael Cohn,Lahnna I. Catalino,Tanya Vacharkulksemsuk,Sara B. Algoe,Mary M. Brantley,Barbara L. Fredrickson +7 more
TL;DR: Experimental evidence identifies one mechanism—perceptions of social connections—through which positive emotions build physical health, indexed as vagal tone, which is mediated by people’s perceptions of their positive social connections.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mindfulness Broadens Awareness and Builds Eudaimonic Meaning: A Process Model of Mindful Positive Emotion Regulation
TL;DR: The mindfulness-to-meaning theory is described, from which a novel process model of mindful positive emotion regulation informed by affective science is derived, in which mindfulness is proposed to introduce flexibility in the generation of cognitive appraisals by enhancing interoceptive attention.
Journal ArticleDOI
From a state to a trait: Trajectories of state mindfulness in meditation during intervention predict changes in trait mindfulness☆☆☆
TL;DR: Tests of combined latent growth and path models suggest that increasing state mindfulness over repeated meditation sessions may contribute to a more mindful and less distressed disposition, however, individuals' trajectories of change may vary and warrant further investigation.
Journal ArticleDOI
A functional genomic perspective on human well-being.
Barbara L. Fredrickson,Karen M. Grewen,Kimberly A. Coffey,Sara B. Algoe,Ann Firestine,Jesusa M.G. Arevalo,Jeffrey Ma,Steven W. Cole +7 more
TL;DR: The finding that hedonic and eudaimonic well-being engage distinct gene regulatory programs despite their similar effects on totalWell-being and depressive symptoms implies that the human genome may be more sensitive to qualitative variations in well- being than are the authors' conscious affective experiences.
Journal ArticleDOI
Updated thinking on positivity ratios.
TL;DR: Even when scrubbed of Losada's now-questioned mathematical modeling, ample evidence continues to support the conclusion that, within bounds, higher positivity ratios are predictive of flourishing mental health and other beneficial outcomes.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
The role of positive emotions in positive psychology. The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions.
TL;DR: The theory and findings suggest that the capacity to experience positive emotions may be a fundamental human strength central to the study of human flourishing.
Journal ArticleDOI
Orienting of attention
TL;DR: This paper explores one aspect of cognition through the use of a simple model task in which human subjects are asked to commit attention to a position in visual space other than fixation by orienting a covert mechanism that seems sufficiently time locked to external events that its trajectory can be traced across the visual field in terms of momentary changes in the efficiency of detecting stimuli.
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Emotion and Adaptation
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss the person-environment relationship: motivation and coping Cognition and emotion Issues of causality, goal incongruent (negative) emotions Goal congruent (positive) and problematic emotions.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Benefits of Frequent Positive Affect: Does Happiness Lead to Success?
TL;DR: The results reveal that happiness is associated with and precedes numerous successful outcomes, as well as behaviors paralleling success, and the evidence suggests that positive affect may be the cause of many of the desirable characteristics, resources, and successes correlated with happiness.