Journal Article•
Potential anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties of Thai colored-rice extracts.
TL;DR: Red (Mun Poo, MP) rice exhibited high anti-oxidative activity and reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines and MMP-2 expression in LPS-induced HL-60 cells, providing new insights into the potential use of Thai colored rice extracts, especially red rice, as a source of anti-Oxidants and anti-inflammation.
Abstract: In Thailand, there has been growing interest in the use of colored rice extracts as a new source of anti-oxidative and antiinflammatory effects. This study investigates the effects of different colored rice extracts in terms of their biological content, antioxidative activity, and their ability to reduce pro-inflammatory cytokines and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression. Various colored rice from different rice cultivating areas in Thailand were used to obtain ethanolic extracts. The biological compounds in colored-rice extracts were determined by Folin-Ciocalteu colorimetric and pH-differential methods. To determine the anti-oxidative properties of colored-rice extract, DPPH radical scavenging, ferrous reducing power, and lipid peroxidation assays were used. The cytotoxicity of colored rice extracts was determined by MTT assay on a human promyelocytic leukemia (HL-60) cell line in vitro. The inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, NF-κB) and MMP expression in LPS-induced HL-60 cells was determined by ELISA assay. Moreover, MMP activity was determined by gelatinolytic zymography. The results found that red (Mun Poo, MP) rice exhibited high anti-oxidative activity and reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines and MMP-2 expression in LPS-induced HL-60 cells. This study provides new insights into the potential use of Thai colored rice extracts, especially red rice, as a source of anti-oxidants and anti-inflammation.
Citations
More filters
[...]
30 Jun 1999
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the inhibitory effect of eggplant extract on human fibrosarcoma HT-1080 cell invasion of reconstituted basement membrane [Matrigel (MG)].
Abstract: We investigated the inhibitory effect of eggplant (Solanum melongena var. marunasu) extract on human fibrosarcoma HT-1080 cell invasion of reconstituted basement membrane [Matrigel (MG)]. We found that the effective component of the plant extract was delphinidin, a flavonoid pigment contained in the peel. The extract and delphinidin did not affect tumor cell adhesion to MG or haptotactic migration to MG. HT-1080 secretes matrix metalloproteinase(MMP)-2 and MMP-9, which degrade extracellular matrix as part of the invasive process. Delphinidin slightly inhibited the activity of MMPs, which may have been responsible, in part, for the inhibition of tumor cell invasiveness.
62 citations
[...]
TL;DR: In this article, the authors summarized the available literature on health-promoting and therapeutic activity of rice and rice biomolecules, and discussed the possible molecular mechanisms of action of the rice/rice part/biomolecules.
Abstract: Background Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the most popular staple food grain and an important source of fibre, energy, minerals, vitamins, and other biomolecules. Rice parts exhibited a number of health beneficial effect in pre-clinical/clinical studies. Rice constituents are getting popularity in preparation of pharmaceutical adjuvant, food additives and supplements. Scope & approach In this paper, we summarized the available literature on health-promoting and therapeutic activity of rice and rice biomolecules, and biomolecules, along with the scope of rice in pharmaceutical and food industry. In addition, we discussed the possible molecular mechanisms of action of the rice/rice part/biomolecules. Key findings Vitamin E, γ-oryzanol, phenolic acids (i.e. ferulic acid, gallic acid, syringic acid), anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin (i.e. epicatechin, cyanidin-3-O-glucoside), flavonoids (i.e. quercetin, apigenin, kaempferol, tricin), carotenoids (i.e. lutein, zeaxanthin, β-carotene) and phytosterol (i.e. stigmasterol, β-sitosterol) are some key rice biomolecules. Promoting endogenous antioxidants, scavenging free radicals, suppression of inflammatory/pro-inflammatory cytokinins (i.e. interleukin 6, cyclooxygenase, tumor necrosis factor, NOS) are some key antioxidant, anti-inflammatory mechanism of rice biomolecules. Rice bran cause apoptosis, inhibit DNA synthesis of cancer cell. Rice bran and biomolecules found effective against diabetes by enhancing insulin release and glucose uptake, inhibiting β-cell destruction, insulin resistance, carbohydrate metabolizing enzyme and AGE formation. Rice bran/rice bran oil enhanced LDL receptor, CYP7A1, SREBP-2 and excretion of faecal cholesterol and bile acid, while reduced cholesterol absorption, HMG-CoA reductase, fatty acid synthase. Rice and its biomolecules also exhibited nephroprotective, neuroprotective, GIT protective activity. Rice starch is getting importance in the pharmaceutical industry as an adjuvant.
26 citations
[...]
TL;DR: In this article, a review paper mainly focuses on the chemistry of rice bioactive compounds, methods of extraction, identification, and characterization as well as biological activities and health benefits, which is essential to increase rice consumption in people's daily diet.
Abstract: Background Knowledge of rice's nutritional value and health benefits is essential to increase rice consumption in people's daily diet. Rice is known as a queen of cereal crops that have a high nutritional value such as carbohydrate, fat, fiber, protein, vitamins as well as food energy, minerals profile and fatty acids. Scope and approach The present review paper mainly focuses on the chemistry of rice bioactive compounds, methods of extraction, identification, and characterization as well as biological activities and health benefits. Key findings and conclusions The nutritional components are found in various types of rice which grown and utilized by farmers and consumers respectively with more than 60% population worldwide. In addition to nutritional components, there are many phytochemicals present in rice have been identified as bioactive compounds which have their many high biological activities, in which antioxidant, anticancer, antidiabetic and antiinflammation activities are major one, as other cereals have and also exhibit their potential beneficial health effects in human as they all consume rice in their daily routine diet.
26 citations
[...]
TL;DR: Investigation of physicochemical properties of Hom Nil rice flour and its application in gluten free bread by using Hom Mali 105 rice flour as the reference suggests that HN flour could be used as an alternative gluten-free ingredient for bread product.
Abstract: Hom Nil (Oryza sativa), a Thai black rice, contains polyphenolic compounds which have antioxidant properties. The objective of this study was to investigate physicochemical properties of Hom Nil rice flour (HN) and its application in gluten free bread by using Hom Mali 105 rice flour (HM) as the reference. The results demonstrated that HN flour had significantly higher average particle sizes (150 ± 0.58 µm), whereas the content of amylose (17.6 ± 0.2%) was lower than HM flour (particle sizes = 140 ± 0.58 µm; amylose content = 21.3 ± 0.6%). Furthermore, HN contained higher total phenolic compounds (TPC) (2.68 ± 0.2 mg GAE/g flour), total anthocyanins (293 ± 30 mg cyanidin-3-glucoside/g flour), and the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) (73.5 ± 1.5 mM FeSO4/g) than HM flour (TPC = 0.15 mg GAE/g flour and FRAP = 2.24 mM FeSO4/g flour). In thermal properties, the onset temperature (To), the peak temperature (Tp) and the conclusion (Tc) temperature of HN flour were similar to the values of HM flour. However, HN flour had lower enthalpy change (ΔH) than HM flour. The results showed that HN flour had lower swelling power and higher solubility than HM flour at the temperature between 55 °C and 95 °C. In pasting properties, HN flour also showed lower peak, trough and breakdown viscosity than HM flour. In addition, the bread samples prepared by HN flour had higher value of hardness and lower value of cohesiveness than the bread prepared from HM flour. Taken together, the findings suggest that HN flour could be used as an alternative gluten-free ingredient for bread product.
17 citations
Cites background from "Potential anti-inflammatory and ant..."
[...]
[...]
TL;DR: It is established that FI3 has a potent antimicrobial activity against tested microbes and safer to human tissue and may be proven a leading molecule for the treatment of bacterial infections.
Abstract: Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic pathogen, responsible for superficial and invasive infections both in nosocomial and community-acquired settings The incidences of infection have become more problematic attributable to emerging drug resistance and biofilm formation These challenges suggest the need for new antimicrobial agents against S aureus In present work, we purified a fungal xenobiotic (FI3) which elicits a potent antimicrobial activity against a list of tested microbes including methicillin sensitive (MSSA) and methicillin resistance (MRSA) S aureus The cell growth of MSSA and MRSA were completely ceased with the 1× minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC); 32 µg/mL and 128 µg/mL, respectively The cell viability severely decreased within 90 min, due to disturbance of membrane homeostasis This bactericidal effect was enhanced at lower pH (pH 4) with a speculation to retain positive charge The FI3 potently disrupts biofilm adherence at 64 µg/mL and found to be a safe with no toxic effect on mammalian tissue FI3 also leads to increase the potency of tested antibiotics Taken together, we established that FI3 has a potent antimicrobial activity against tested microbes and safer to human tissue It may be proven a leading molecule for the treatment of bacterial infections
9 citations
References
More filters
[...]
TL;DR: A tetrazolium salt has been used to develop a quantitative colorimetric assay for mammalian cell survival and proliferation and is used to measure proliferative lymphokines, mitogen stimulations and complement-mediated lysis.
Abstract: A tetrazolium salt has been used to develop a quantitative colorimetric assay for mammalian cell survival and proliferation. The assay detects living, but not dead cells and the signal generated is dependent on the degree of activation of the cells. This method can therefore be used to measure cytotoxicity, proliferation or activation. The results can be read on a multiwell scanning spectrophotometer (ELISA reader) and show a high degree of precision. No washing steps are used in the assay. The main advantages of the colorimetric assay are its rapidity and precision, and the lack of any radioisotope. We have used the assay to measure proliferative lymphokines, mitogen stimulations and complement-mediated lysis.
46,508 citations
"Potential anti-inflammatory and ant..." refers methods in this paper
[...]
[...]
TL;DR: Observations to date suggest that oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, and cancer are closely linked.
Abstract: Extensive research during the past 2 decades has revealed the mechanism by which continued oxidative stress can lead to chronic inflammation, which in turn could mediate most chronic diseases including cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular, neurological, and pulmonary diseases. Oxidative stress can activate a variety of transcription factors including NF-κB, AP-1, p53, HIF-1α, PPAR-γ, β-catenin/Wnt, and Nrf2. Activation of these transcription factors can lead to the expression of over 500 different genes, including those for growth factors, inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, cell cycle regulatory molecules, and anti-inflammatory molecules. How oxidative stress activates inflammatory pathways leading to transformation of a normal cell to tumor cell, tumor cell survival, proliferation, chemoresistance, radioresistance, invasion, angiogenesis, and stem cell survival is the focus of this review. Overall, observations to date suggest that oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, and cancer are closely linked.
3,353 citations
"Potential anti-inflammatory and ant..." refers background in this paper
[...]
[...]
[...]
2,127 citations
"Potential anti-inflammatory and ant..." refers methods in this paper
[...]
[...]
TL;DR: Recent findings indicate that matrix metalloproteinases act on pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and other proteins to regulate varied aspects of inflammation and immunity.
Abstract: As their name implies, matrix metalloproteinases are thought to be responsible for the turnover and degradation of the extracellular matrix. However, matrix degradation is neither the sole nor the main function of these proteinases. Indeed, as we discuss here, recent findings indicate that matrix metalloproteinases act on pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and other proteins to regulate varied aspects of inflammation and immunity.
1,620 citations
"Potential anti-inflammatory and ant..." refers background in this paper
[...]
[...]
[...]
TL;DR: Genetic and pharmacological tools to decrease the production of cytokines or to diminish their effects using cytokine antagonists could provide new approaches in the management of inflammatory vascular disease.
Abstract: The vascular inflammatory response involves complex interaction between inflammatory cells (neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, macrophages), endothelial cells (ECs), vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), and extracellular matrix (ECM). Vascular injury is associated with increased expression of adhesion molecules by ECs and recruitment of inflammatory cells, growth factors, and cytokines, with consequent effects on ECs, VSMCs and ECM. Cytokines include tumor necrosis factors, interleukins, lymphokines, monokines, interferons, colony stimulating factors, and transforming growth factors. Cytokines are produced by macrophages, T-cells and monocytes, as well as platelets, ECs and VSMCs. Circulating cytokines interact with specific receptors on various cell types and activate JAK-STAT, NF-κB, and Smad signaling pathways leading to an inflammatory response involving cell adhesion, permeability and apoptosis. Cytokines also interact with mitochondria to increase the production of reactive oxygen species. Cytokine-induced activation of these pathways in ECs modifies the production/activity of vasodilatory mediators such as nitric oxide, prostacyclin, endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor, and bradykinin, as well as vasoconstrictive mediators such as endothelin and angiotensin II. Cytokines interact with VSMCs to activate Ca2+, protein kinase C, Rho-kinase, and MAPK pathways, which promote cell growth and migration, and VSM reactivity. Cytokines also interact with integrins and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and modify ECM composition. Persistent increases in cytokines are associated with vascular dysfunction and vascular disease such as atherosclerosis, abdominal aortic aneurysm, varicose veins and hypertension. Genetic and pharmacological tools to decrease the production of cytokines or to diminish their effects using cytokine antagonists could provide new approaches in the management of inflammatory vascular disease.
962 citations
"Potential anti-inflammatory and ant..." refers background in this paper
[...]