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All figures (45)
Fig. 3. Equivalent circuit of a PEMFC
Fig. 3. Equivalent circuit of a PEMFC
Fig. 10. Battery efficiency employed in the UPS system [17]
Fig. 4. Boundary conditions for macroscopic potentials in an SC
Fig. 14. Voltages and currents waveform of PEMFC and SCs when FC charges SCs if SC voltage is
Fig. 23. Power, current and efficiency characteristics of SC and UPS under the SC operating mode
Fig. 22. Voltages and currents waveform of PEMFC operating mode when using the current
Fig. 11. Charging characteristics of SCs in this UPS system
Fig. 12. PEMFC efficiency employed in the UPS system
Fig. 10. Battery efficiency employed in the UPS system [17]
Fig. 4. Boundary conditions for macroscopic potentials in an SC
Fig. 15. Voltages and currents waveform of SC discharging when the main PEMFC fails
Fig. 15. Voltages and currents waveform of SC discharging when the main PEMFC fails
Fig. 19. Power, current and efficiency characteristics of UPS under the bypass operating mode
Fig. 17. Photo of the experimental setup
Fig. 14. Voltages and currents waveform of PEMFC and SCs when FC charges SCs if SC voltage is
Fig. 18. Power, current and efficiency characteristics of UPS under the grid operating mode
Fig. 18. Power, current and efficiency characteristics of UPS under the grid operating mode
Fig. 23. Power, current and efficiency characteristics of SC and UPS under the SC operating mode
Fig. 11. Charging characteristics of SCs in this UPS system
Fig. 7. Equivalent circuit of a lead-acid battery
Fig. 17. Photo of the experimental setup
Fig. 19. Power, current and efficiency characteristics of UPS under the bypass operating mode
Fig. 22. Voltages and currents waveform of PEMFC operating mode when using the current
Fig. 2. Proposed structure of grid/fuel cell/battery/SC hybrid power source in UPS application
Fig. 6. Equivalent circuit of SC
Fig. 12. PEMFC efficiency employed in the UPS system
Fig. 7. Equivalent circuit of a lead-acid battery
Fig. 20. Power, current and efficiency characteristics of battery and UPS under the battery operating
Fig. 6. Equivalent circuit of SC
Fig. 21. Power, current and efficiency characteristics of PEMFC and UPS under the FC operating
Fig. 9. Four operating modes of the proposed UPS system with grid/PEMFC/battery/SC hybrid power sources
Fig. 8. Equivalent circuit of SCs in parallel and in series
Fig. 8. Equivalent circuit of SCs in parallel and in series
Fig. 16. Voltages and currents waveform of battery discharging when main PEMFC fails
Fig. 1. Traditional structure of PEM fuel cell/battery/SC hybrid power source
Fig. 13. Charging characteristics of battery in UPS system
Fig. 13. Charging characteristics of battery in UPS system
Fig. 16. Voltages and currents waveform of battery discharging when main PEMFC fails
Fig. 21. Power, current and efficiency characteristics of PEMFC and UPS under the FC operating
Fig. 9. Four operating modes of the proposed UPS system with grid/PEMFC/battery/SC hybrid power sources
Fig. 1. Traditional structure of PEM fuel cell/battery/SC hybrid power source
Fig. 2. Proposed structure of grid/fuel cell/battery/SC hybrid power source in UPS application
Fig. 5. Transmission line equivalent circuit model of an SC
Fig. 20. Power, current and efficiency characteristics of battery and UPS under the battery operating
Journal Article
•
DOI
•
Power and energy management of grid/PEMFC/battery/supercapacitor hybrid power sources for UPS applications
[...]
Yuedong Zhan
1
,
Youguang Guo
2
,
Jianguo Zhu
2
,
Li Li
1
•
Institutions (2)
Kunming University of Science and Technology
1
,
University of Technology, Sydney
2
01 May 2015
-
International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems