Power line carrier communication based low cost power monitoring and management system
01 Dec 2016-pp 1-4
TL;DR: This design demonstrates reusing the existing wired electrical network to provide communication between the smart meter and a central server and uses low cost and off the shelf devices and no additional wiring as it communicates over the existing power line infrastructure.
Abstract: Smart meter is an advanced energy meter which not only measures the electrical energy consumption, but also provides real time data on power consumed by electrical loads Any smart meter needs an infrastructure, wired/wireless, for data communication with the central server To enable this two-way communication link, we propose a narrowband Power Line Communication (PLC) system operating at a rate of few kbps and this can be deployed over existing outdoor/indoor power lines Our design demonstrates reusing the existing wired electrical network to provide communication between the smart meter and a central server A low-cost dedicated hardware for measuring the power usage of electrical appliance is designed Further, a user interface is developed to remotely access the power usage measurements stored at the central hub database with features of power management With the usage data at hand, smart decisions can be made in saving energy and, reducing carbon foot-prints Our design uses low cost and off the shelf devices and no additional wiring as it communicates over the existing power line infrastructure
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TL;DR: An entirely open-source, low-cost power monitoring system capable of many types of measurements including both loads and supplies such as solar photovoltaic systems that out performs commercial solutions as the price per measurement is significantly smaller, while the number of serviceable channels is significantly higher.
Abstract: This study presents an entirely open-source, low-cost power monitoring system capable of many types of measurements including both loads and supplies such as solar photovoltaic systems. In addition, the system can be fabricated using only open source software and hardware. The design revolves around the Digital Universal Energy Logger (DUEL) Node, which is responsible for reading and properly scaling the voltage and current of a particular load, and then serializing it via an on-board ATTiny85 chip. The configuration of the DUEL node allows for custom sensitivity ranges, and can handle up to 50 A and 300 V. Up to 127 DUEL nodes communicate via Inter-Integrated Circuit (I2C) on a bus, which can be monitored and logged through an Arduino UNO, or other compatible microcontroller. Using accessible equipment, the DUEL node can be calibrated to a desirable accuracy and error. The DUEL nodes are also completely customizable, making them fit for any input range, where all commercially-available products are fixed range. The open source solution out performs commercial solutions as the price per measurement ($18.25) is significantly smaller, while the number of serviceable channels (1 2 7) is significantly higher.
21 citations
TL;DR: This work incorporates the basic principles of IoT by creating a network of devices which can communicate with each other, over low bandwidth by implementing a device selective protocol which can selectively cut power of particular devices depending on their energy rating, power rating, manufacturer etc.
Abstract: There is a huge difference between electricity production and its demand. In order to meet the requirements, a selective power cut is carried out which is currently based on area and time. Although this is a simplistic solution, it has many drawbacks such as the area gets completely deprived of even the very basic appliances such as lights and fans, which do not contribute significantly to the power consumption. This creates a need to come up with a solution so that no one gets deprived of using basic appliances at any time and still be able to reduce power consumption to fulfill the ever-growing demand. This work has dealt with the same by implementing a device selective protocol which can selectively cut power of particular devices depending on their energy rating, power rating, manufacturer etc. by the use of power line carrier communication. Hence, revolutionizing the whole concept of area selective power cut to device selective power cut. Since, IoT refers to a network of devices or “Things”, this work incorporates the basic principles of IoT by essentially creating a network of devices which can communicate with each other, over low bandwidth.
4 citations
01 Jan 2013
TL;DR: The integrated receiver is able to detect signals down 1FEATURES to 10 μVRMS (G3-FCC mode) and is capable of a wide 2345 range of gain options to adapt to varying input-signal conditions.
Abstract: The integrated receiver is able to detect signals down 1FEATURES to 10 μVRMS (G3-FCC mode) and is capable of a wide 2345• Supports: range of gain options to adapt to varying input-signal – CENELEC Bands A, B, C, D conditions. The monolithic integrated circuit provides high reliability in demanding power-line – ARIB STD-T84, FCC communication applications. – FSK, SFSK, and NB-OFDM The AFE032 transmit power amplifier operates from a • Conforms To: single supply in the range of 7 V to 24 V. At typical – EN50065-1, -2, -3, -7 load current (IOUT = 1.5 APEAK), a wide output swing – FCC, Part 15 provides a 12-VPP capability with a nominal 15-V supply. – ARIB STD-T84 • Standards: The device is internally protected against overtemperature and short-circuit conditions. The – G3, PRIME, P1901.2, ITU-G.hnem device also provides a selectable current limit. An • Programmable Tx Low-Pass Filters and interrupt output is provided, indicating current limit, Rx Band-Pass Filters thermal limit, and undervoltage. A shutdown pin is • Integrated Power-Line Driver with Thermal and also available, and can be used to quickly place the device into the lowest-power state. Each functional Overcurrent Protection block can be enabled or disabled to optimize power • Low-Power Consumption: dissipation through the serial peripheral interface – 50 mW (Receiver Mode) (SPI), • Receive Sensitivity: 10 μVRMS (Typ) The AFE032 is housed in a thermally-enhanced, • Four-Wire SPITM Interface surface-mount, PowerPAD, QFN-48 package. Operation is specified over the extended industrial • Three Integrated Zero-Crossing Detectors junction temperature range of –40°C to +125°C. • Package: QFN-48 PowerPADTM • Extended Temperature Range: –40°C to +125°C
4 citations
01 Nov 2019
TL;DR: The focus of this work is to develop a solution through low-cost hardware & software that allows to optimally solving the monitoring and recording of electrical variables.
Abstract: This paper presents a solution for a case study of a hybrid generation system for teaching purposes. The system presents the difficulty of unifying monitoring and recording due to the interaction of multi-brand devices. The focus of this work is to develop a solution through low-cost hardware & software that allows to optimally solving the monitoring and recording of electrical variables. The proposed system architecture is validated by monitoring a 40 [kWp] solar microgrid.
1 citations
Cites background from "Power line carrier communication ba..."
...En [17], los autores proponen la implementación de un enlace de comunicación de banda estrecha que reutiliza el cableado eléctrico existente para obtener datos de medidores locales....
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References
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TL;DR: The main features of the power line communication channel are illustrated, and some of the solutions advocated for modem design are illustrated.
Abstract: Designing a system able to cope with a hostile channel is a typical challenge for data communication engineers. High-data-rate communication over power lines is an exemplar case: while power lines are a potentially convenient and inexpensive "no new wire" medium for data transmission, their features make it very difficult to design a simple modem. In this article we illustrate the main features of the power line communication channel, and some of the solutions advocated for modem design.
275 citations
TL;DR: This paper surveys power line communications (PLCs) in the context of Smart Grid and the specifications G3-PLC, PRIME, HomePlug Green PHY, and HomePlug AV2, and the standards IEEE 1901/1901.hn/G.hnem are discussed.
Abstract: Power line communication, that is, using the electricity infrastructure for data transmission, is experiencing a renaissance in the context of Smart Grid. Smart Grid objectives include the integration of intermittent renewable energy sources into the electricity supply chain, securing reliable electricity delivery, and using the existing electrical infrastructuremore efficiently.This paper surveys power line communications (PLCs) in the context of Smart Grid. The specifications G3-PLC, PRIME, HomePlug Green PHY, and HomePlug AV2, and the standards IEEE 1901/1901.2 and ITU-T G.hn/G.hnem are discussed.
123 citations
TL;DR: The ITU-T G.hnem standard is defined, which defines a unified NB-PLC OFDM-based technology targeting multiple smart grid applications: smart metering, distributed automation, in-home energy management, generic home automation, car charging, and others, using IPv6 as the main networking protocol.
Abstract: Narrowband power line communications (NB-PLC) systems operating in the frequency range 3-500 kHz were developed and used in the past few decades for telecommunications, metering, control, and automation. Recently, OFDM-based NB-PLC solutions known as G3 and PRIME came to the market after a long monopoly of single-carrier technologies, offering higher bit rates, robustness, and flexibility, which are vital for smart grid applications. However, it was realized that an international standard is important to ensure worldwide interoperable products and avoid market fragmentation. In the beginning of 2010, the IEEE Standards Association and ITU-T started standardization of NBPLC technologies based on OFDM, launching the P1901.2 and G.hnem projects, respectively. This article gives a technical overview of the ITU-T G.hnem standard, which defines a unified NB-PLC OFDM-based technology targeting multiple smart grid applications: smart metering, distributed automation, in-home energy management, generic home automation, car charging, and others, using IPv6 as the main networking protocol. ITU-T Recommendations G.9955 (G.hnem physical layer) and G.9956 (G.hnem data link layer) were consented for approval in February 2011; their final approval is expected in December 2011.
115 citations
01 Sep 2009
TL;DR: Investigations towards both wired and wireless technologies are performed and conclusions indicate that Power Line Communication (PLC) is becoming a low cost method to communicate with metering devices.
Abstract: Communication methods for smart metering pose a number of unique challenges driven from the demand for a unique communication network that can communicate with some 28 million devices in the UK with near real-time latency In this paper an overview of communication methods for Smart Metering is presented, focusing towards ”The Last Mile” of the communication network connected to the metering device The need for robust low-bandwidth communications is a core requirement due to the possible interference from consumer products operating in unlicensed frequency bands Investigations towards both wired and wireless technologies are performed and conclusions indicate that Power Line Communication (PLC) is becoming a low cost method to communicate with metering devices Additionally, it can operate in relatively low bandwidth channels in the sub 100kHz region of the spectrum An analytical approach towards analysis of coding schemes for OFDM based PLC systems is performed Through investigation of current state of the art coding techniques we present a series of performance markers for (PLC) at low-bit rates when degraded with various channel effects Results show that (PLC) has real potential for Smart Metering networks where high-levels of interference are present from existing communication technologies
80 citations
Additional excerpts
...nication has been around since 1920s [1]....
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TL;DR: Power line communications (PLC) reuses power lines for communication purposes and has only gained attention in the broader public with the advent of broadband PLC for Internet access and inhome multimedia applications in the late 1990s.
Abstract: Power line communications (PLC) reuses power lines for communication purposes. It is an ?old? technology whose commercial use for voice communication and control goes back to the beginning of the last century (see the excellent History Column article by Mischa Schwartz [1]). Since then, PLC applications have always been with us. But PLC technology has only gained attention in the broader public with the advent of broadband PLC for Internet access and inhome multimedia applications in the late 1990s.
38 citations