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Power System Dynamics and Stability

TL;DR: This paper presents a meta-modelling procedure called Multimachine Dynamic Models for Energy Function Methods, which automates the very labor-intensive and therefore time-heavy and expensive process of Synchronous Machine Modeling.
Abstract: 1 Introduction 2 Electromagnetic Transients 3 Synchronous Machine Modeling 4 Synchronous Machine Control Models 5 Single-Machine Dynamic Models 6 Multimachine Dynamic Models 7 Multimachine Simulation 8 Small-Signal Stability 9 Energy Function Methods Appendix A: Integral Manifolds for Model Bibliography Index
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This survey reviews the vast literature on the theory and the applications of complex oscillator networks, focusing on phase oscillator models that are widespread in real-world synchronization phenomena, that generalize the celebrated Kuramoto model, and that feature a rich phenomenology.

1,021 citations


Cites background from "Power System Dynamics and Stability..."

  • ...…(AC) circuits are naturally modeled by equations similar to (1), some electric applications are found in structure-preserving (Bergen & Hill, 1981; Sauer & Pai, 1998) and network-reduced power system models (Chiang, Chu, & Cauley, 1995; Dörfler & Bullo, 2012b), and droop-controlled inverters in…...

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  • ...(8)–(10); see Chiang et al. (1995), Dörfler and Bullo (2013a), Sastry and Varaiya (1980) and Sauer and Pai (1998)....

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  • ...The technical analysis is slightly more subtle since the function V (θ(t)) is continuous but not necessarily differentiable when the maximum geodesic distance is attained by more than one pair of oscillators....

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  • ...…1991; Ha, Jeong et al., 2010;Ha et al., 2011;Hoppensteadt & Izhikevich, 2000; Kapitaniak et al., 2012; Pantaleone, 2002; Righetti & Ijspeert, 2006; Sauer & Pai, 1998; Shim et al., 2007; Strogatz et al., 2005; Wiesenfeld et al., 1998; Zhang et al., 2012) the coupled oscillator dynamics are not…...

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  • ...Another natural Lyapunov function is simply the length of the shortest arc containing all oscillators....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This work presents a unique, concise, and closed-form condition for synchronization of the fully nonlinear, nonequilibrium, and dynamic network of a strongly coupled and sufficiently homogeneous network.
Abstract: The emergence of synchronization in a network of coupled oscillators is a fascinating topic in various scientific disciplines. A widely adopted model of a coupled oscillator network is characterized by a population of heterogeneous phase oscillators, a graph describing the interaction among them, and diffusive and sinusoidal coupling. It is known that a strongly coupled and sufficiently homogeneous network synchronizes, but the exact threshold from incoherence to synchrony is unknown. Here, we present a unique, concise, and closed-form condition for synchronization of the fully nonlinear, nonequilibrium, and dynamic network. Our synchronization condition can be stated elegantly in terms of the network topology and parameters or equivalently in terms of an intuitive, linear, and static auxiliary system. Our results significantly improve upon the existing conditions advocated thus far, they are provably exact for various interesting network topologies and parameters; they are statistically correct for almost all networks; and they can be applied equally to synchronization phenomena arising in physics and biology as well as in engineered oscillator networks, such as electrical power networks. We illustrate the validity, the accuracy, and the practical applicability of our results in complex network scenarios and in smart grid applications.

922 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Basic features, algorithms, and a variety of case studies are presented in this paper to illustrate the capabilities of the presented tool and its suitability for educational and research purposes.
Abstract: This paper describes the Power System Analysis Toolbox (PSAT), an open source Matlab and GNU/Octave-based software package for analysis and design of small to medium size electric power systems. PSAT includes power flow, continuation power flow, optimal power flow, small-signal stability analysis, and time-domain simulation, as well as several static and dynamic models, including nonconventional loads, synchronous and asynchronous machines, regulators, and FACTS. PSAT is also provided with a complete set of user-friendly graphical interfaces and a Simulink-based editor of one-line network diagrams. Basic features, algorithms, and a variety of case studies are presented in this paper to illustrate the capabilities of the presented tool and its suitability for educational and research purposes.

890 citations


Cites background or methods from "Power System Dynamics and Stability..."

  • ...PSAT also computes participation factors using right and left eigenvector matrices [15]....

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  • ...where and are the power flows in transmission lines as commonly defined in the literature [15], is the set of network buses, and are the set and the power injections of components connected at bus , respectively....

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  • ...This method is numerically more stable than the partitioned-explicit method, which solves differential and algebraic equations separately [15]....

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  • ...PSAT included the standard NR method [15], the fast decoupled power flow (XB and BX variations [16]), and a power flow with a distributed slack bus model [17]....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper reviews distributed algorithms for offline solution of optimal power flow (OPF) problems as well as online algorithms for real-time solution of OPF, optimal frequency control, optimal voltage control, and optimal wide-area control problems.
Abstract: Historically, centrally computed algorithms have been the primary means of power system optimization and control. With increasing penetrations of distributed energy resources requiring optimization and control of power systems with many controllable devices, distributed algorithms have been the subject of significant research interest. This paper surveys the literature of distributed algorithms with applications to optimization and control of power systems. In particular, this paper reviews distributed algorithms for offline solution of optimal power flow (OPF) problems as well as online algorithms for real-time solution of OPF, optimal frequency control, optimal voltage control, and optimal wide-area control problems.

800 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An overview on the potential of applying game theory for addressing relevant and timely open problems in three emerging areas that pertain to the smart grid: microgrid systems, demand-side management, and communications is provided.
Abstract: The future smart grid is envisioned as a large scale cyberphysical system encompassing advanced power, communications, control, and computing technologies. To accommodate these technologies, it will have to build on solid mathematical tools that can ensure an efficient and robust operation of such heterogeneous and large-scale cyberphysical systems. In this context, this article is an overview on the potential of applying game theory for addressing relevant and timely open problems in three emerging areas that pertain to the smart grid: microgrid systems, demand-side management, and communications. In each area, the state-of-the-art contributions are gathered and a systematic treatment, using game theory, of some of the most relevant problems for future power systems is provided. Future opportunities for adopting game-theoretic methodologies in the transition from legacy systems toward smart and intelligent grids are also discussed. In a nutshell, this article provides a comprehensive account of the application of game theory in smart grid systems tailored to the interdisciplinary characteristics of these systems that integrate components from power systems, networking, communications, and control.

751 citations


Cites background from "Power System Dynamics and Stability..."

  • ...In fact, the following ideas for extending the work in [19] can be explored: ■ proposing algorithms, based on auction theory or matching games, that can lead to optimal and stable associations between microgrids that act as sellers (i.e., have excesses of energy) and microgrids that act as buyers…...

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References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the stability of synchronous machines under small perturbations is explored by examining the case of a single machine connected to an infinite bus through external reactance, and the results are shown to be similar to ours.
Abstract: The phenomena of stability of synchronous machines under small perturbations is explored by examining the case of a single machine connected to an infinite bus through external reactance.

1,939 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
B. Gao1, G.K. Morison1, P. Kundur1
TL;DR: In this paper, the voltage stability analysis of large power systems by using a modal analysis technique is discussed, using a steady-state system model, a specified number of the smallest eigenvalues and the associated eigenvectors of a reduced Jacobian matrix.
Abstract: The authors discuss the voltage stability analysis of large power systems by using a modal analysis technique. The method computes, using a steady-state system model, a specified number of the smallest eigenvalues and the associated eigenvectors of a reduced Jacobian matrix. The eigenvalues, each of which is associated with a mode of voltage/reactive power variation, provide a relative measure of proximity to voltage instability. The eigenvectors are used to describe the mode shape and to provide information about the network elements and generators which participate in each mode. A simultaneous iteration method, which is well suited to applications involving large power systems, is used for selective calculation of appropriate eigenvalues. Results obtained using a 3700 bus test system are presented illustrating the applicability of the approach. >

1,002 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the general concepts associated with applying power system stabilizers utilizing shaft speed, ac bus frequency, and electrical power inputs are developed in the first part of a three-part paper.
Abstract: The general concepts associated with applying power system stabilizers utilizing shaft speed, ac bus frequency, and electrical power inputs are developed in this first part of a three-part paper. This lays the foundation for discussion of the tuning concepts and practical aspects of stabilizer application in Parts II and III. The characteristics of the "plant" through which the power system stabilizer must operate are discussed and the implications upon stabilizer tuning and performance are noted. A general approach for analyzing stabilizers utilizing an arbitrary input signal is described and applied to the frequency and electrical power input signals.

940 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a detailed account of analytical work carried out to determine the parameters of power system stabilizers (PSS) for the Darlington nuclear generating station presently under construction in eastern Ontario is presented.
Abstract: This paper provides a detailed account of analytical work carried out to determine the parameters of power system stabilizers (PSS) for the Darlington nuclear generating station presently under construction in eastern Ontario. The results presented are, however, of general interest and provide a comprehensive analysis of the effects of the different stabilizer parameters on the overall dynamic performance of the power system. They show how stabilizer settings may be selected so as to enhance the steady-state and transient stability of local plant modes as well as inter-area modes in large interconnected systems. In addition, it is shown that the selected parameters result in satisfactory performance during system islanding conditions, when large frequency excursions are experienced. Darlington GS, when completed by 1992, will comprise four 1100 MVA, 0.85 p.f., 1800 RPM turbine generators with "CANDU-PHW" reactors, moderated and cooled by heavy water. The station will be incorporated into the 500 kV network through three double-circuit lines. The units will be equipped with transformer-fed thyristor excitation systems and Delta-P-Omega type PSS [1, 2].

854 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, Sabatier implique l'accord avec les conditions générales d'utilisation (http://www.up-tlse.numdam.org/conditions).
Abstract: © Université Paul Sabatier, 1907, tous droits réservés. L’accès aux archives de la revue « Annales de la faculté des sciences de Toulouse » (http://picard.ups-tlse.fr/~annales/) implique l’accord avec les conditions générales d’utilisation (http://www.numdam.org/conditions). Toute utilisation commerciale ou impression systématique est constitutive d’une infraction pénale. Toute copie ou impression de ce fichier doit contenir la présente mention de copyright.

851 citations