Practical techniques for finite element modeling to simulate structural crashworthiness in ship collisions and grounding (Part I: Theory)

doi:10.1533/SAOS.2006.0148

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Practical techniques for finite element modeling to simulate structural crashworthiness in ship collisions and grounding (Part I: Theory)

Journal Article•DOI•

Practical techniques for finite element modeling to simulate structural crashworthiness in ship collisions and grounding (Part I: Theory)

01 Jan 2007-Ships and Offshore Structures (Taylor & Francis Group)-Vol. 2, Iss: 1, pp 69-80

TL;DR: In this article, the authors developed practical techniques useful for FE modeling to simulate structural crashworthiness of ships in collisions or grounding, which can be applied to existing test structural models, which involve both crushing and fracture behavior, are shown by a comparison with the experimental results and corresponding FE simulations to confirm the validity of the proposed methods.

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Abstract: The aim of this paper is to develop practical techniques useful for FE modeling to simulate structural crashworthiness of ships in collisions or grounding. Approaches to define relevant FE mesh size, material stress'strain relationship, and critical fracture strain and also to deal with the dynamic effects related to dynamic yield strength, dynamic fracture strain, inertia, and frictions are addressed so that the crushing and rupture behavior in collisions and grounding can be analyzed efficiently and accurately in the FE simulations. Benchmark studies on material tensile coupon test specimen and a perforated plate under axial tension are undertaken for the simulation of the fracture behavior. In a separate paper, applications on the existing test structural models, which involve both crushing and fracture behavior, are shown by a comparison with the experimental results and the corresponding FE simulations to confirm the validity of the proposed methods.

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Journal Article•DOI•

Review and application of ship collision and grounding analysis procedures

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P. Terndrup Pedersen¹•Institutions (1)

Technical University of Denmark¹

01 Jul 2010-Marine Structures

TL;DR: A probabilistic procedure for which prediction and analysis tools for collision and grounding analyses can be used by the maritime industry to develop performance based rules to reduce the risk associated with human, environmental and economic costs of collision and grounded events is outlined.

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175 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

On the failure criterion of aluminum and steel plates subjected to low-velocity impact by a spherical indenter

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Bin Liu¹, R. Villavicencio¹, C. Guedes Soares¹•Institutions (1)

Instituto Superior Técnico¹

01 Mar 2014-International Journal of Mechanical Sciences

TL;DR: In this paper, an analytical failure criterion is proposed to characterise ship plated structures manufactured with aluminum or steel materials subjected to low impact velocities, and the criterion considers the critical deflection, force and absorbed energy of plates laterally impacted by a hemispherical indenter, and assumes that failure occurs at the presence of necking.

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85 citations

Cites background from "Practical techniques for finite ele..."

...This is based on a literature search where it is indicated that the aluminium is essentially strain rate insensitivity [24,25], and that the effect of viscoplasticity is very small for high tensile steels since material constant C of the Cowper-Symonds constitutive equation is quite large (3200 s ) [26]....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Strain and stress relation until fracture for finite element simulations of a thin circular plate

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Sören Ehlers¹•Institutions (1)

Helsinki University of Technology¹

01 Jan 2010-Thin-walled Structures

TL;DR: In this paper, a true strain and stress relation for mild steel was obtained from a series of tensile experiments with specimens of different length-per-breadth ratios and used to simulate a plate punching experiment until fracture with the finite element method.

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Abstract: This paper presents a true strain and stress relation for mild steel that is suitable for the implementation in finite element models. This true strain and stress relation is obtained from a series of tensile experiments with specimens of different length-per-breadth ratios. Unlike the engineering strain and stress relation, the true strain and stress relation is found to be independent of the specimen geometries tested. The use of optical measurements relates the true strain and stress to the finite element length because the strain reference length, being a function of the pixel size, is clearly defined. This true strain and stress relation is used to simulate a plate punching experiment until fracture with the finite element method. The measured element length-dependent failure strain is implemented as a constant strain failure criterion and its applicability is attained through the close triaxiality ranges at failure, both for the tensile and plate simulations.

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74 citations

Cites background from "Practical techniques for finite ele..."

...The true strain and stress relation until failure is traced by Hoffmann and Vogl [16], Huatao and Roehr [2], Joun et al. [17], Koc and Stok [18], Ling [19], Mirone [20], and Paik [21], but no prediction of the failure strain and finite element length dependency is presented....
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...[17], Koc and Stok [18], Ling [19], Mirone [20], and Paik [21], but no prediction of the failure strain and finite element length dependency is presented....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Strain and stress relation for non-linear finite element simulations

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Sören Ehlers¹, Petri Varsta¹•Institutions (1)

Helsinki University of Technology¹

01 Nov 2009-Thin-walled Structures

TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a procedure to determine an element-length dependent strain and stress relation until fracture that is suitable for implementation in finite element models. But this procedure is not suitable for non-linear numerical simulations.

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Abstract: This paper presents a procedure to determine an element-length dependent strain and stress relation until fracture that is suitable for implementation in finite element models. This material relation is obtained experimentally with an optical measuring system. The strain until fracture is calculated from the measured surface displacements. The stress is derived from the measured force and the cross-sectional area in the necking region. Furthermore, because of the digital nature of the optical measurements, the strain reference length, being a function of the pixel size, is clearly defined. For the numerical simulation the finite element length is equal to this strain reference length. The overall procedure allows a precise numerical simulation of the tensile experiment until the point of fracture without curve fitting or an iterative procedure to adjust the material relation for the chosen mesh size. This precise material relation can improve non-linear numerical simulations.

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65 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

The influence of the material relation on the accuracy of collision simulations

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Sören Ehlers¹•Institutions (1)

Aalto University¹

01 Oct 2010-Marine Structures

TL;DR: In this paper, the influence of the material relation on the accuracy of numerical results is not presented in detail in the present literature even though different material relations are used, and this comparison can support the future use of an appropriate material relation for collision simulations.

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64 citations

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References

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Journal Article•DOI•

On the Crushing Mechanics of Thin-Walled Structures

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Tomasz Wierzbicki¹, W. Abramowicz•Institutions (1)

Massachusetts Institute of Technology¹

01 Dec 1983-Journal of Applied Mechanics

994 citations

"Practical techniques for finite ele..." refers background in this paper

...As shown in the figure, however, material model II overestimates the strain-hardening characteristics, although the necking behavior is more properly accounted for than for model I. 71C© Woodhead Publishing Ltd doi:10.1533/saos.2006.148 SAOS 2007 Vol. 2 No. 1 Material model III In this paper, a brand new approach called the knockdown factor approach is proposed....
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...When the mesh size is infinitely small, the critical fracture strain 73C© Woodhead Publishing Ltd doi:10.1533/saos.2006.148 SAOS 2007 Vol. 2 No. 1 εfc to be defined for FE structural modeling may be several times larger than the nominal fracture strain εf obtained from the material tensile coupon test results, and it approaches the same value of εf as the FE mesh size increases....
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...The curve of ‘simulation’ in Figure 6 is reverted from the true stress–train curve expressed by 72SAOS 2007 Vol. 2 No. 1 doi:10.1533/saos.2006.148 C© Woodhead Publishing Ltd Equation (4) together with Equation (5), and shows a very good agreement with the curve of ‘experiment,’ which was directly obtained from the tensile coupon test, confirming that material model III is valid....
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...A number of analytical formulae are available to predict the expected length of one structural fold, e.g., Amdahl and Kavlie (1992), Wierzbicki and Abramowicz (1983), Wierzbicki et al. (1993), Paik and Pedersen (1995), Wang and Ohtsubo (1997), and Suzuki et al. (2000), among others, and Paik and…...
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...The friction coefficient in the simulation of grounding or 76SAOS 2007 Vol. 2 No. 1 doi:10.1533/saos.2006.148 C© Woodhead Publishing Ltd collisions is often determined by an empirical approach, depending on the accident situation....
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Report•DOI•

Strain-hardening and strain-rate effects in the impact loading of cantilever beams

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G R Cowper, P S Symonds

01 Sep 1957

879 citations

Book•

Ultimate limit state design of steel-plated structures

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Jeom Kee Paik, Anil Kumar Thayamballi

28 Mar 2003

TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a semi-analytical method for the Elastic Plastic Large deflection Analysis of Plates under combined loading, and the Idealized Structural Unit Method is used for the analysis.

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Abstract: Preface. About the Authors. How to Use This Book. Principles of Limit State Design. Buckling and Ultimate Strength Behavior of Plate Stiffener Combinations: Beams, Columns and Beam Columns. Elastic and Inelastic Buckling of Plates under Complex Circumstances. Post Buckling and Ultimate Strength Behavior of Plates. Elastic and Inelastic Buckling of Stiffened Panels and Grillages. Post buckling and Ultimate Strength Behavior of Stiffened Panels and Grillages. Ultimate Strength of Plate Assemblies: Plate Girders, Box Columns/Girders and Corrugated Panels. Ultimate Strength of Ship Hulls. Impact Mechanics and Structural Design for Accidents. Fracture Mechanics and Ultimate Strength of Cracked Structures. A Semi analytical Method for the Elastic Plastic Large deflection Analysis of Plates under Combined Loading. The Nonlinear Finite Element Method. The Idealized Structural Unit Method. Appendices. Index.

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382 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of the Plastic Deformation of Cantilever Beams Subjected to Impulsive Loading

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S. R. Bodner¹, Paul S. Symonds¹•Institutions (1)

Brown University¹

01 Dec 1962-Journal of Applied Mechanics

177 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Inertia effects in axisymmetrically deformed cylindrical shells under axial impact

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Dora Karagiozova¹, Marcílio Alves², Norman Jones³•Institutions (3)

Bulgarian Academy of Sciences¹, University of São Paulo², University of Liverpool³

01 Nov 2000-International Journal of Impact Engineering

TL;DR: In this article, the axisymmetric buckling of elastic-plastic cylindrical shells subjected to axial impact is studied using a finite element analysis, which reveals that shells are both velocity and mass sensitive, so that larger energies can be absorbed by a shell for high-velocity impacts when decreasing the striking mass.

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162 citations

"Practical techniques for finite ele..." refers background in this paper

...Inertia effects Inertia effects may sometimes be needed for impact response simulations of thin-walled structures (Reid and Reddy 1983; Harrigan et al. 1999; Paik and Chung 1999; Karagiozova et al. 2000)....
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...Inertia effects may sometimes be needed for impact response simulations of thin-walled structures (Reid and Reddy 1983; Harrigan et al. 1999; Paik and Chung 1999; Karagiozova et al. 2000)....
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