Precipitation of the δ-Ni 3 Nb phase in two nickel base superalloys
01 Mar 1988-Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A-physical Metallurgy and Materials Science (Springer-Verlag)-Vol. 19, Iss: 3, pp 453-465
TL;DR: In this article, the precipitation of the metastable δ-Ni3Nb phase has been studied in two niobium bearing nickel base superalloys and the morphology and distribution of precipitates have been examined and the crystallographic orientation relationship between the austenite and the δ phases has been determined.
Abstract: The precipitation of the equilibrium δ-Ni3Nb phase has been studied in two niobium bearing nickel base superalloys—INCONEL 718 and INCONEL* 625—both of which are hardenable by the precipitation of the metastableγ″-Ni3Nb phase. The morphology and the distribution of precipitates have been examined and the crystallographic orientation relationship between the austenite and theδ phases has been determined. The nucleation of theδ phase at stacking faults within pre-existing δ" precipitates has been discussed.
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the response of Alloy 718 to various thermal post-treatment procedures, including hot isostatic pressing (HIPing), solution treatment (ST), and two-step aging.
Abstract: Alloy 718 samples were fabricated by electron beam melting (EBM) additive manufacturing process. The work focused on systematic investigation of response of the material to various thermal post-treatments, involving hot isostatic pressing (HIPing), solution treatment (ST) and two-step aging, to tailor post-treatment procedure for EBM-built Alloy 718. Results showed that HIPing at lowered temperature can be used for attaining desired defect closure while preserving grain size. Subjecting the material to ST, with or without prior HIPing, mainly caused precipitation of δ phase at the grain boundaries with prior HIPing decreasing the extent of δ phase precipitation. Moreover, results suggest that the utility of ST, with prior HIPing, could be dictated by the need to achieve a certain δ phase content, as the typically targeted homogenization after ST had already been achieved through HIPing. Detailed investigation of microstructural evolution during subsequent aging with and without prior HIPing showed that a significantly shortened aging treatment (‘4 + 1’ h), compared to the ‘standard’ long treatment (‘8 + 8’ h) traditionally developed for conventionally produced Alloy 718, might be realizable. These results can have significant techno-economic implications in designing tailored post-treatments for EBM-built Alloy 718.
4 citations
TL;DR: In this article , the effects of V addition on γ'' phase stability and high-temperature mechanical properties have been explicitly investigated, and the results indicate that V addition can stabilize the metastable γ '' phase in this alloy system and prevent it from transforming into a stable δ phase at grain boundaries upon 650 °C aging.
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TL;DR: In this article, optical and transmission electron microscopy were used to characterize the microstructure of the composites and to determine the nature of the fiber/matrix reaction in the composite.
Abstract: Composites of INCONEL 718 alloy reinforced with either single-crystal (SAPHIKON) or polycrys-talline (Du Pont's FP) A12O3 fiber were fabricated by pressure casting. Optical and transmission electron microscopy were used to characterize the microstructure of the composites and to determine the nature of the fiber/matrix reaction. The widely dispersed fibers in the SAPHIKON-fiber-reinforced composite had no influence on the solidification of the matrix. Six phases, γ-Ni3Al, γ'-Ni3Nb, δ-Ni3Nb, TiC, NbC, and Laves, were present in the matrix of the composite. The last three phases were formed during solidification and the others precipitated during subsequent cooling. The high density of fibers in the FP-fiber-reinforced composite led to a more uniform microstructure within the matrix. Only three phases,γ″-Ni3Nb, NbC, and Laves, were identified. Diffusion of Ti into the A12O3 fiber resulted in preferential grain growth in the FP fiber in areas adjacent to the fiber/matrix interface. The fiber/matrix bond strength in shear in the SAPHIKON-fiber-reinforced composite was in excess of 150 MPa.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of V addition on γ'' phase stability and high temperature mechanical properties have been explicitly investigated, and the results indicate that V addition can stabilize metastable γ '' phase in this alloy system and prevent it from transforming into stable δ phase at grain boundaries upon 650 °C aging.
4 citations
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Book•
01 Jan 1958
TL;DR: The Handbook of Lattice spacings and structures of metals and alloys as discussed by the authors is a handbook of argumentative essay structure spacing and lattice plane model modified by the incorporation of thermodynamic functions appropriate to the f.c.
Abstract: For the best product experience, a Handbook of of argumentative essay structure spacing Lattice Spacings and Structures of Metals and Alloys ScienceDirect. Get this from a library! A handbook of lattice spacings and structures of metals and alloys. (W B Pearson) Acm metal). Vol. lattice plane model modified by the incorporation of thermodynamic functions appropriate to the f.c.c. Al—Ag solid zones in the alloys. W. B. Pearson, Handbook of Lattice Spacings. Structures of Metals and Alloys.
3,090 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1962
TL;DR: Modern Physical Metallurgy as mentioned in this paper describes the fundamental principles of physical metallurgy and the basic techniques for assessing microstructure and provides a balanced coverage of properties, characterization, phase transformations, crystal structure, and corrosion not available in other texts.
Abstract: Modern Physical Metallurgy describes, in a very readable form, the fundamental principles of physical metallurgy and the basic techniques for assessing microstructure This book enables you to understand the properties and applications of metals and alloys at a deeper level than that provided in an introductory materials course The eighth edition of this classic text has been updated to provide a balanced coverage of properties, characterization, phase transformations, crystal structure, and corrosion not available in other texts, and includes updated illustrations along with extensive new real-world examples and homework problems It offers renowned coverage of metals and alloys from one of the world's leading metallurgy educators It covers new materials characterization techniques, including scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and nanoindentation It provides the most thorough coverage of characterization, mechanical properties, surface engineering and corrosion of any textbook in its field It includes new worked examples with real-world applications, case studies, extensive homework exercises, and a full online solutions manual and image bank
421 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a review of theoretical models applicable to concentrated solid solutions is presented, focusing on concentrated solutions because dilute ones can be considered as special cases and because the interesting effects of clustering and ordering are most apparent at high solute concentrations.
Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter reviews current theoretical models applicable to concentrated solid solutions. It focuses on concentrated solutions because dilute ones can be considered as special cases and because the interesting effects of clustering and ordering are most apparent at high solute concentrations. The extended ranges of solubility are often found in metallic systems, and for this reason most examples selected will refer to metals and alloys, although the models presented are equally applied to off-stoichiometric compounds, metallic or inorganic, and to amorphous solids. The chapter provides description of the state of the order of the system through suitable averaging procedures. It discusses the internal energy of solutions, from both electronic and elastic standpoints. The chapter presents free energy models, such as generalized Bragg- Williams's model, Landau theory, and cluster variation method. These models are applied to the study of phase equilibrium.
308 citations
01 Jan 1971-Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B-process Metallurgy and Materials Processing Science
TL;DR: In this article, a heat treatment for 706 alloy was developed which effectively optimizes the 1200°F stress-rupture properties of the alloy by precipitation of globular to plate-like Ni3Cb/Ni3Ti at the grain boundaries in conjunction with maintaining a fine as-forged grain structure.
Abstract: Evaluation of a commercial heat treatment for 706 alloy indicated that it resulted in relatively low 1200° F stress rupture ductility. It was determined that this was caused by a solution treatment which dissolved all of the age-hardening phases in the alloy and caused a coarse grain size and supersaturated matrix condition. Based upon extensive fine structure study of the 706 alloy as well as previous experience with 718 alloy and other Fe−Ni-base superalloys, a heat treatment is developed which effectively optimizes the 1200°F stress-rupture properties of the alloy. The key to best properties was found to be the precipitation of globular to plate-like Ni3Cb/Ni3Ti at the grain boundaries in conjunction with maintaining a fine as-forged grain structure.
44 citations