Journal ArticleDOI
Precipitation retrieval over land and ocean with the SSM/I - Identification and characteristics of the scattering signal
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TLDR
In this article, the identification of precipitation in warm and cold land and ocean environments from the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program's (DMSP) Special Sensor Micmwave/Imager (SSM/I).Abstract:
The subject of this study is the identification of precipitation in warm and cold land and ocean environments from the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program's (DMSP) Special Sensor Micmwave/Imager (SSM/I). The high sensitivity of the SSM/I 85.5 GHz channels to volume scattering by precipitation, especially ice above the freezing level, is the basis for this identification. This ice scattering process causes SSM/I 85.5 GHz brightness temperatures to occasionally fall below 100 K. It is demonstrated that the polarization diversity available at 85.5 GHz from the SSM/I allows discrimination between low brightness temperatures due to surface water bodies versus those due to precipitation. An 85.5 GHz polarization corrected temperature (PCT) is formulated to isolate the precipitation effect. A PCT threshold of 255 K is suggested for the delineation of precipitation. This threshold is shown to be lower than what would generally be expected from nonprecipitating cloud water alone, yet high enough to s...read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
The Evolution of the Goddard Profiling Algorithm (GPROF) for Rainfall Estimation from Passive Microwave Sensors
Christian D. Kummerow,Yang Hong,William S. Olson,Song Yang,Robert F. Adler,Jeffrey R. McCollum,Ralph Ferraro,Grant W. Petty,D.-B. Shin,Thomas T. Wilheit +9 more
TL;DR: The latest improvements applied to the Goddard profiling algorithm (GPROF) are described, particularly as they apply to the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM), and the new algorithm makes use of emission and scattering indices instead of individual brightness temperatures.
Journal ArticleDOI
Where are the most intense thunderstorms on earth
TL;DR: In this article, the authors show the results of a systematic search through seven full years of the TRMM database to find indicators of uncommonly intense storms, such as strong (> 40 dBZ) radar echoes extending to great heights, high lightning flash rates, and very low brightness temperatures at 37 and 85 GHz.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Diurnal Cycle of Rainfall and Convective Intensity according to Three Years of TRMM Measurements
TL;DR: The authors presented a comprehensive analysis of the diurnal cycle of the observed precipitation features' rainfall amount, precipitation feature frequency, rainfall intensity, convective-stratiform rainfall portioning, and remotely sensed convective intensity, sampled Tropicswide from space.
Journal ArticleDOI
Global Precipitation Map using Satelliteborne Microwave Radiometers by the GSMaP Project : Production and Validation
Takuji Kubota,Shoichi Shige,H. Hashizume,Kazumasa Aonashi,Nobuhiro Takahashi,Sinta Seto,Yukari N. Takayabu,Tomoo Ushio,Katsuhiro Nakagawa,Koyuru Iwanami,Misako Kachi,Ken-ichi Okamoto +11 more
TL;DR: Rain rates retrieved from the GSMaP_TMI are in better agreement with the PR estimates over land everywhere except over tropical Africa in the boreal summer.
Journal ArticleDOI
Global precipitation measurement
Chris Kidd,George J. Huffman +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide an overall review of global precipitation estimation, providing an outline of conventional measurements, the basis of the satellite systems used in the observation of precipitation, and the generation, availability and validation of the derived precipitation products.