Journal ArticleDOI
Predicting ecological consequences of marine top predator declines
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TLDR
The consequences of marine predator declines are outlined and an integrated predictive framework that includes risk effects is proposed, which appear to be strongest for long-lived prey species and when resources are abundant.Abstract:
Recent studies document unprecedented declines in marine top predators that can initiate trophic cascades. Predicting the wider ecological consequences of these declines requires understanding how predators influence communities by inflicting mortality on prey and inducing behavioral modifications (risk effects). Both mechanisms are important in marine communities, and a sole focus on the effects of predator-inflicted mortality might severely underestimate the importance of predators. We outline direct and indirect consequences of marine predator declines and propose an integrated predictive framework that includes risk effects, which appear to be strongest for long-lived prey species and when resources are abundant. We conclude that marine predators should be managed for the maintenance of both density- and risk-driven ecological processes, and not demographic persistence alone.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Predator interactions, mesopredator release and biodiversity conservation
TL;DR: There is potential for the restoration of apex predators to have benefits for biodiversity conservation through moderation of the impacts of mesopredators on their prey, but this requires a whole-ecosystem view to avoid unforeseen negative effects.
Journal ArticleDOI
Patterns and ecosystem consequences of shark declines in the ocean.
TL;DR: It is shown that the high natural diversity and abundance of sharks is vulnerable to even light fishing pressure, and that large sharks can exert strong top-down forces with the potential to shape marine communities over large spatial and temporal scales.
Journal ArticleDOI
Global catches, exploitation rates, and rebuilding options for sharks
Boris Worm,Brendal Davis,Lisa Kettemer,Christine A. Ward-Paige,Demian D. Chapman,Michael R. Heithaus,Steven T. Kessel,Samuel H. Gruber +7 more
TL;DR: Global total shark mortality needs to be reduced drastically in order to rebuild depleted populations and restore marine ecosystems with functional top predators.
Journal ArticleDOI
The interaction between predation and competition
Peter Chesson,Jessica J. Kuang +1 more
TL;DR: It is shown, using a comprehensive three-trophic-level model, that competition and predation should be viewed symmetrically: these two interactions are equally able to either limit or promote diversity.
Journal ArticleDOI
Loss of large predatory sharks from the Mediterranean Sea
TL;DR: This study reconstructs long-term population trends of large predatory sharks in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea to suggest that current levels of exploitation put large sharks at risk of extinction in the Mediterranean Sea.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Behavioral decisions made under the risk of predation: a review and prospectus
Steven L. Lima,Lawrence M. Dill +1 more
TL;DR: This work has shown that predation is a major selective force in the evolution of several morphological and behavioral characteristics of animals and the importance of predation during evolutionary time has been underestimated.
Journal ArticleDOI
Historical overfishing and the recent collapse of coastal ecosystems.
Jeremy B. C. Jackson,Jeremy B. C. Jackson,Michael Xavier Kirby,Wolfgang H Berger,Karen A. Bjorndal,Louis W. Botsford,Bruce J. Bourque,Roger Bradbury,Richard G. Cooke,Jon M. Erlandson,James A. Estes,Terry P. Hughes,Susan M. Kidwell,Carina B. Lange,Hunter S. Lenihan,John M. Pandolfi,Charles H. Peterson,Robert S. Steneck,Mia J. Tegner,Robert R. Warner +19 more
TL;DR: Paleoecological, archaeological, and historical data show that time lags of decades to centuries occurred between the onset of overfishing and consequent changes in ecological communities, because unfished species of similar trophic level assumed the ecological roles of over-fished species until they too were overfished or died of epidemic diseases related to overcrowding as mentioned in this paper.
Journal ArticleDOI
Fishing Down Marine Food Webs
TL;DR: The mean trophic level of the species groups reported in Food and Agricultural Organization global fisheries statistics declined from 1950 to 1994, and results indicate that present exploitation patterns are unsustainable.
Journal ArticleDOI
Rapid worldwide depletion of predatory fish communities
Ransom A. Myers,Boris Worm +1 more
TL;DR: The analysis suggests that management based on recent data alone may be misleading, and provides minimum estimates for unexploited communities, which could serve as the 'missing baseline' needed for future restoration efforts.
Journal ArticleDOI
Challenges in the Quest for Keystones
Mary E. Power,David Tilman,James A. Estes,Bruce A. Menge,William J. Bond,L. Scott Mills,Gretchen C. Daily,Juan Carlos Castilla,Jane Lubchenco,Robert T. Paine +9 more
TL;DR: This list of scientists and lecturers from the United States and Canada who have contributed to the scientific literature over the past 25 years has been compiled.
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