Predictions of Sediment Toxicity Using Consensus-Based Freshwater Sediment Quality Guidelines
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Cites background from "Predictions of Sediment Toxicity Us..."
...By comparing contaminant concentrations to sediment-quality guidelines, known as probable effects concentrations, sediment quality is quantifiable in terms of potential adverse biological effects to benthic organisms, which live and feed in the river bottom and are an important food source for much of the other life in the river ( Ingersoll et al., 2000 )....
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...More importantly, PCBs were most responsible for predicted toxicity ( Ingersoll et al., 2000 )....
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References
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"Predictions of Sediment Toxicity Us..." refers background in this paper
...…concentrations because previous studies have demonstrated that normalization of SQGs for PAHs or PCBs to total organic carbon (Barrick et al. 1988, Long et al. 1995, Ingersoll et al. 1996) or normalization of metals to acidvolatile sulfides (Long et al. 1998b) did not improve the predictions of…...
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...Similarly, Long et al. (1998a) reported a 56 to 71% incidence of toxicity at mean quotients of >1....
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2,732 citations
"Predictions of Sediment Toxicity Us..." refers background or methods or result in this paper
...The TECs were calculated by determining the geometric mean of the SQGs that were included in this category (MacDonald et al. 2000a)....
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...…results of these three previous investigations demonstrated that the consensus-based SQGs provide a unifying synthesis of the existing guidelines, reflect causal rather than correlative effects, and account for the effects of contaminant mixtures in sediment (Swartz 1999, MacDonald et al. 2000a,b)....
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...A second paper developed and evaluated consensus-based SQGs for total polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) to address a similar mixture paradox for that group of contaminants (MacDonald et al. 2000b)....
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...The consensus-based PECs listed in Table 1 were critically evaluated by MacDonald et al. (2000a) to determine if they would provide effective tools for assessing sediment quality conditions in freshwater ecosystems....
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...Therefore, the differences in this “MPP approach” from the approach used by MacDonald et al. (2000a) are: (1) an average quotient for metals was used instead of the individual quotients for metals and (2) sum DDE was not used in the calculation....
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771 citations
"Predictions of Sediment Toxicity Us..." refers background or methods or result in this paper
...Alternatively, Long et al. (1998a) classified sediments in a marine amphipod database as either marginally toxic (significantly reduced relative to the control) or as highly toxic (significantly reduced relative to the control with a reduction greater than a minimum significant difference; MSD)....
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...Long et al. (1998a) and Field et al. (1999) reported reduced variability in the relationship between toxicity and sediment contamination when toxicity was evaluated using a standardized approach....
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...The incidence of toxicity was only 12% at mean quotients of <0.1 (quotients calculated using either marine effect range median (ERM) or probable effect level (PEL) guidelines; Long et al. 1998a)....
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...Long et al. (1998a) also observed an elevated incidence of toxicity with marine amphipods at low mean quotients....
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...For this reason, the evaluation of the predictive ability of the SQGs in the present study was conducted to determine the incidence of effects above and below various mean PEC quotients (mean quotients of 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, and 5.0; Ingersoll et al. 1998, Long et al. 1998a, Fairey et al. 2000)....
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657 citations
"Predictions of Sediment Toxicity Us..." refers background or methods in this paper
...Alternatively, Long et al. (1998a) classified sediments in a marine amphipod database as either marginally toxic (significantly reduced relative to the control) or as highly toxic (significantly reduced relative to the control with a reduction greater than a minimum significant difference; MSD). The MSD was established by Long et al. (1998a) using a power analysis of data from 10-day marine amphipod tests (Thursby et al....
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...Alternatively, Long et al. (1998a) classified sediments in a marine amphipod database as either marginally toxic (significantly reduced relative to the control) or as highly toxic (significantly reduced relative to the control with a reduction greater than a minimum significant difference; MSD)....
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613 citations