Preimplantation development of in vitro-matured and in vitro-fertilized ovine zygotes: comparison between coculture on oviduct epithelial cell monolayers and culture under low oxygen atmosphere.
01 Apr 1994-Biology of Reproduction (Society for the Study of Reproduction)-Vol. 50, Iss: 4, pp 715-724
TL;DR: Two distinct culture environments are characterized, each capable of supporting the development of high frequencies of unselected IVMF zygotes to the blastocyst stage in vitro, and survival of the embryo under a reduced oxygen atmosphere is investigated.
Abstract: The roles of medium composition, serum source, embryo coculture, and culture under low O2 conditions on the development of in vitro-matured and in vitro-fertilized (IVMF) ovine zygotes were investigated in three separate experiments. In the first experiment, the proportion of cocultured IVMF zygotes developing to the blastocyst stage was significantly higher (38.0% vs. 3.5%; p < 0.05) than that of non-cocultured zygotes treated within three embryo culture media (TCM-199 + 10% fetal bovine serum [FBS]; bicarbonate-buffered, glucose-free synthetic oviduct fluid medium [mod-SOFM] + 10% FBS; and bicarbonate-buffered BSA-free Tyrode's salt solution [mod-TALP] + 10% FBS) under a 5% CO2 atmosphere in air. In a second experiment, a significantly higher (p < 0.05) proportion of cocultured zygotes placed in TCM-199 medium survived to the blastocyst stage (37.4% blastocysts vs. 23.4% in mod-SOFM). No significant effect of serum (FBS vs. human serum [HS]) was observed on embryonic development, but coculture was confirmed to exert a significant influence on development to the blastocyst stage. In the final experiment, survival of the embryo under a reduced oxygen (5% CO2:5% O2:90% N2) atmosphere was investigated. In contrast to results in the initial experiments, embryonic survival was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the non-cocultured treatment groups (21.9% blastocysts vs. 0.4% for cocultured zygotes). Serum source also had a significant (p < 0.05) influence upon the development of non-cocultured zygotes: 32.3% of zygotes cultured with HS progressed to the blastocyst stage vs. 11.5% of zygotes cultured in FBS-supplemented medium. These results have characterized two distinct culture environments, each capable of supporting the development of high frequencies of unselected IVMF zygotes to the blastocyst stage in vitro.
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TL;DR: The development of fully defined culture conditions for human pre-implantation development is an important priority for human assisted reproductive technology (ART) programs, and progress has been made to formulate defined media to support this development.
1 citations
01 Jan 2001
TL;DR: Using ART, such as induction of superovulation, IVF or embryo transfer, farmers will be able to increase the number of offspring produced by genetically superior parents.
Abstract: The world population is increasing at dramatic rates; therefore, the demand for meat and milk products will continue to grow (CAST, 1999). Consumers also are demanding a more uniform, higher quality, nutritious product at a low price, requiring producers to raise animals that meet these specific demands. Altering herd genetics is a slow and expensive process because of the limitation of having a set number of offspring produced by each animal. However, through the use of assisted reproductive technology (ART) each animal has the ability to produce an increased number of offspring, thereby allowing the producer to more easily alter herd genetics to meet the consumers demands. Using ART, such as induction of superovulation, IVF or embryo transfer, farmers will be able to increase the number of offspring produced by genetically superior parents.
01 Jan 2000
TL;DR: In this article, the use of assisted reproductive technology (ART) to enhance the reproductive efficiency of ewes during seasonal anestrous cycles was discussed, which can be used to increase the number of offspring.
Abstract: Through the use of assisted reproductive technology (ART), we will be able to extend the use of genetically superior animals, and perhaps increase the number of offspring. These technologies include such procedures as estrus synchronization, superovulation, artificial insemination, embryo transfer, in vitro fertilization (IVF), and cloning. Because they exhibit seasonal breeding and multiple ovulations, sheep have a tremendous potential for improvement and manipulation of reproduction with the use of ART. Most sheep normally exhibit estrous cycles and mate during late summer, fall, and early winter. During winter, spring, and early summer they exhibit anestrous, and thus, are reproductively inactive. Reproductive performance of sheep, in some cases, can be maximized by utilizing this anestrous period or non-breeding season. Manipulations to maximize reproductive performances during seasonal anestrous include hormonal stimulations and estrous synchronization. However, many improvements are still needed to enhance the reproductive efficiency of ewes during seasonal anestrous.
Cites methods from "Preimplantation development of in v..."
...…FBS, ovine FSH [oFSH-RP-1; NIAMDDNIH, Bethesda, MD], ovine LH [oLH-26; NIADDK-NIH], estradiol [Sigma], glutamine [Sigma], file:///T|/HREC%20Web/webpage/livestock/2000sheepday/RedmerReport2.htm (2 of 9) [8/6/04 12:05:34 PM] sodium pyruvate [Sigma], and penicillin/streptomycin; Watson et al., 1994)....
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...…by aspiration using a 22- gauge 1-inch needle and a syringe containing approximately 0.2 ml of collection media that consists of TCM-199 (Sigma, St. Louis, MO), 2% heat inactivated fetal bovine serum (FBS; Gibco, Gaithersburg, MD), heparin (Sigma), and penicillin/streptomycin (Watson et al., 1994)....
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Journal Article•
TL;DR: F fertilization rate and fertilized oocyte development were better when the medium supplemented with zinc, right ovary and C57BL/6J strain was used, and the type of strain used had no effect on the embryo development, whereas the ovarian side had a significant impact on the oocytes development.
Abstract: In the present study, thymoquinone (TQ) and zinc were added to fertilization and embryos culture media to check if this supplementation could improve the fertilization rate and development of in vivo matured mice oocytes. The effects of ovarian side (R and L) and strain of mice (C57BL/6J and SWR) on the in vitro fertilization and developmental competence of mice oocytes after in vitro fertilization were also investigated. The concentration used was 5 µg/ml for TQ and zinc was and 10 µg/ml media for zinc, respectively. Eighty adult female mice (40 from each strain) were used and subdivided randomly into 4 groups: group 1 was untreated (control); group 2 was for treatment with zinc; group 3 was for TQ and group 4 was for combined action of zinc and TQ. The results showed that fertilization rate and embryo development up to two cell stage improved when zinc was added in the culture media compared to TQ alone or zinc. The mean number of fertilized oocyte was significantly (P≤0.05) increased when C57BL/6J and right ovary were used. However, the type of strain used had no effect on the embryo development, whereas the ovarian side had a significant effect on the oocyte development. To conclude fertilization rate and fertilized oocyte development were better when the medium supplemented with zinc, right ovary and C57BL/6J strain was used.
Cites background from "Preimplantation development of in v..."
...Thymoquinone (TQ), the major bioactive constituent of Nigella sativa seed has been reported to exhibit many pharmacological effects (Norwood et al., 2006; Wilson-Simpson et al., 2007; Ragheb et al., 2009; Bouchra et al., 2009; Woo et al., 2011)....
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References
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TL;DR: In this article, a general class of regression models for ordinal data is developed and discussed, which utilize the ordinal nature of the data by describing various modes of stochastic ordering and this eliminates the need for assigning scores or otherwise assuming cardinality instead of ordinality.
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Abstract: One-cell CF-1 x B6SJLF1/J embryos, which usually exhibit a 2-cell block to development in vitro, have been cultured to the blastocyst stage using CZB medium and a glucose washing procedure. CZB medium is a further modification of modified BMOC-2 containing an increased lactate/pyruvate ratio of 116, 1 mM-glutamine and 0.1 mM-EDTA but lacking glucose. Continuous culture of one-cell embryos in CZB medium allowed 83% of embryos to develop beyond the 2-cell stage of which 63% were morulae at 72 h of culture, but blastocysts did not develop. However, washing embryos into CZB medium containing glucose after 48 h of culture (3-4-cell stage) was sufficient to allow development to proceed, with 48% of embryos reaching the blastocyst stage by 96 h of culture. Exposure of embryos to glucose was only necessary from the 3-4-cell stage through the early morula stage since washing back into medium CZB without glucose at 72 h of culture still promoted the development of 50% of embryos to the blastocyst stage. The presence of glucose in this medium for the first 48 h of culture (1-cell to 4-cell stage) was detrimental to embryo development. Glutamine, however, exerted a beneficial effect on embryo development from the 1-cell to the 4-cell stage although its presence was not required for development to proceed during the final 48 h of culture. Blastocysts which developed under optimum conditions contained an average of 33.7 total cells. The in-vitro development of 1-cell embryos beyond the 2-cell stage in response to the removal of glucose and the addition of glutamine to the culture medium suggests that glucose may block some essential metabolic process, and that glutamine may be a preferred energy substrate during early development for these mouse embryos.
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