Journal Article•
Premenstrual syndrome & premenstrual dysphoric disorder
About: This article is published in Journal of the Korean Academy of Family Medicine.The article was published on 2001-06-01 and is currently open access. It has received 5 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Premenstrual dysphoric disorder.
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TL;DR: HAT and HMT may be effective strategies for women to reduce PMS symptoms and improved flow of khi and balanced skin temperature in symmetric body areas.
Abstract: Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) symptoms can reduce quality of life and impair daily functioning. This study examined the effects of Korean hand acupuncture therapy (HAT) and hand moxibustion therapy (HMT) on symptom severity in Korean women with PMS. This quasi-experimental pilot study based on the khi, yin, yang, and the five elements theory used a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. Experimental groups received 10 sessions of either HAT or HMT treatment. Outcome measures included menstrual symptom severity as measured with the Menstrual Symptom Severity List and skin temperature change measured with Digital Infrared Thermographic Imaging. Both experimental groups had significantly reduced overall PMS symptom severity scores following therapy as compared to women in the control group. The HMT but not the HAT group showed improved flow of khi and balanced skin temperature in symmetric body areas. HAT and HMT may be effective strategies for women to reduce PMS symptoms.
32 citations
Cites background from "Premenstrual syndrome & premenstrua..."
...In a study of 1,078 Korean nurses with PMS, Park and colleagues (Y. H. Park, Jeong, Kim, & Lee, 2001) reported that they experienced difficulty maintaining the quality of nursing care service during their premenstrual period because of concomitant distressing emotional changes....
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...Additional strategies include medication use such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, diuretics for the management of discomfort symptoms, and anxiolytic drugs for severe symptoms (S. H. Lee, 2001)....
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...Dietary modifications, exercise, and stress management strategies (e.g., relaxation) (S. H. Lee, 2001) are also frequently employed....
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TL;DR: It is confirmed that the results of the ICD-10 study confirmed that there are no new threats to the integrity of the ozone layer from global warming.
Abstract: 목적: 경기도 부천시 지역의 직장여성들에서 월경전증후군의 유병률을 알아보고, 월경전증후군에 대한 인지도와 의료상담 및 치료의 빈도를 평가하기 위함이다. 연구방법: 월경전증후군에 대한 공개강좌 후 설문지를 통해 5개 기업 289명의 직장여성을 대상으로 조사를 시행하였다. 그 중 답변이 부족한 경우나 다른 질환으로 인한 증상을 배제한 후 170명을 대상으로 월경주기, 규칙성, 월경곤란증의 정도, 진통제 복용여부, 월경전 증상의 빈도, 기간 등을 평가하였다. 건강 강좌 전 월경전증후군에 대한 인지 여부와 상담유무도 조사하였다. 결과: 월경전증후군의 유병률은 세계건강보건기구의 ICD-10에 의한 진단기준으로 74%, 미국산부인과학회의 진단기준으로 38%였다. 월경전 증상은 빈도 순으로 볼 때 더부룩함, 분노나 화남, 체중증가, 잠을 설침, 집중력 장애, 졸림, 오심 구토의 순이었다. 월경전증후군은 월경량이 정상인군에 비해 과량인 군에서 유의하게 증가되어 있었고 월경주기나 월경곤란증의 정도, 진통제 복용 등과는 유의한 상관관계를 보이지 않았다. 연구대상자의 대부분인 94.1%가 월경전증후군에 대해 모르는 상태였고, 6.3% 정도가 의사와의 상담한 병력이 있었다. 결론: 월경전증후군은 매우 흔하며 특히 직장여성들의 직장에서의 활동과 업무에 많은 영향을 끼치고 있다. 그에 반해, 대부분의 직장여성들은 월경전 증상 및 월경전증후군에 대해 정확히 인지하지 못하는 상태로 의학적 상담 및 치료도 거의 이루어지고 있지 않다. 따라서 지속적인 건강 강좌와 교육을 통해 월경전증후군에 대해 알리고 효과적인 의학적 치료를 유도한다면 향후 업무의 효율성을 높이고 삶의 질을 높일 것이라 판단된다.
15 citations
Additional excerpts
...1%로 나타났다[7,8]....
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TL;DR: It was showed that the relationship between PMS symptom severity and age of menarche and stress was statistically signifi cant in high school girls.
Abstract: Background: Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a common and disabling disorder among adolescents. But the research addressing premenstrual disorders in adolescents is sparse and such disorders may well be underrecognized. In this regard, the study aimed at identifying attributes to premenstrual symptoms by surveying one high school located in Busan, Korea. Methods: A total of 381 adolescent females who accepted the participation in this study were recruited from one academic high school in Busan, Korea. For the evaluation of risk factors on the PMS, we investigated menstrual patterns, severity of premenstrual symptoms, environment and life events, stress, and physical activity. Results: In bivariate analysis, earlier menarche (P = 0.007), higher BEPSI score (P < 0.001), higher physical activity score (P = 0.003), and drinking alcohol (P = 0.047) were related to PMS symptom severity. On multiple regression analysis, Brief Encounter Psychosocial Instrument Score (P < 0.001), age of menarche (P = 0.003) and physical activity (P = 0.004) were independent explanatory variables of PMS symptom severity. Conclusion: This study showed that the relationship between PMS symptom severity and age of menarche and stress was statistically signifi cant in high school girls.
12 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: It is essential for primary care providers to take an active role in identifying, educating and managing premenstrual symptoms among women, as the symptoms affect them significantly both physically and emotionally.
Abstract: Background : Premenstrual symptoms affect about 40% of women of reproductive age. In an effort to alleviate premenstrual symptoms, affected women practice various remedial approaches. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and severity of premenstrual symptoms experienced by women, the associated factors and the remedial approaches practiced by them.
Method : This was a cross-sectional study conducted at a rural primary care clinic situated in Hulu Langat, Malaysia. All women of reproductive age (18 to 44 years old) attending the clinic during the study period and who fit the selection criteria were included. Premenstrual symptoms and severity were assessed using a self-report questionnaire, the Shortened Premenstrual Assessment Form (SPAF). It consists of 10 items that measure changes in mood, behaviour and physical symptoms. The respondents were also asked if they had used any remedy to relieve their symptoms.
Results : A total of 158 women were included in the study. The majority of the respondents were Malay (70.3%), followed by Indian (16.5%) and Chinese (10.8%) women. About 75% of the women experienced at least one of the premenstrual symptoms. Approximately 7% of them reported experiencing severe symptoms in all three subscales of the SPAF. The frequently reported symptoms were body ache (75.3%), abdominal pain (75.3%), irritable feeling (63.9%) and breast discomfort (61.4%). The symptom score was higher among Malay women (p = 0.034), and those with a higher household income (p = 0.037) and higher educational level (p = 0.01). There was no significant association between premenstrual symptoms and age, marital status, menstrual cycle and age of menarche. The common remedies used were vitamins (19%), a healthy diet (15.8%) and analgesics (13.3%). Approximately 60% of the women did not use any remedy to reduce their premenstrual symptoms.
Conclusion : Premenstrual symptoms were common among women attending the clinic. The symptoms affect them significantly both physically and emotionally. Thus, it is essential for primary care providers to take an active role in identifying, educating and managing premenstrual symptoms among women.
8 citations
TL;DR: Most women experience some physical and psychological changes from a few days to two weeks before the onset of a menstrual syndrome, which is called premenstrual syndrome as mentioned in this paper, which causes a clear decline in performance and a decline in the quality of life in the individual, family and society.
Abstract: Most women experience some physical and psychological changes from a few days to two weeks before the onset of a menstrual syndrome, which is called premenstrual syndrome. This syndrome involves a series of symptoms including depression, panic, change in sleep pattern, memory disorders, irritability and early suffering, anxiety, weight gain, appetite changes, etc. [1]. These symptoms can be seen in women of any age and race. According to global statistics, nearly 85% of women experience at least one of the symptoms of premenstrual syndrome, which causes a clear decline in performance and a decline in the quality of life in the individual, family and society [2]. This syndrome is a set of physical and psychosomatic symptoms that occurs during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle and improves with the onset of menstruation or the first few days [3]. In addition, it is one of the most common painful phenomena in women’s reproductive years [4]. The physical signs and symptoms of the syndrome are sufficiently intense to interfere with some aspects of life [5]. Symptoms should be observed at least 10 days immediately prior to menstruation, and no interval between menstruation and ovulation should begin at least one week [6]. More than 90% of women of reproductive age report mild premenstrual symptoms and at least one of these symptoms is repeated each month. Of these, 2 to 10 percent of the severity of their symptoms is to an extent that affects family status, social activity, and job opportunities [7].
4 citations