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Journal ArticleDOI

Prenatal parental representations: Influences on perceived romantic couple adjustment and infant's temperament during pregnancy and after the infant's birth

About: This article is published in Family Relations.The article was published on 2021-11-19 and is currently open access. It has received 1 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Temperament.
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TL;DR: In this article , the authors summarize the literature about parental representations and their relationship between parenting behavior, and childhood developmental problems, including the definition and categories of parental representations, the factors which contribute to parental representations.
Abstract: Parental representations tend to be formed in the prenatal period and affect the child- parent relationship in the long term. Therefore, in the clinical environment, it is important to define parents’ representations to increase the success of therapeutic interventions and prevent childhood psychopathologies with various intervention programs. With this concern, the aim of this review was to summarize the literature about parental representations and their relationship between parenting behavior, and childhood developmental problems. Related to this purpose, this review includes the definition and categories of parental representations, the factors which contribute to parental representations, and the relations between parenting and childhood developmental problems.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Five studies tested two general hypotheses: Individuals differ in their use of emotion regulation strategies such as reappraisal and suppression, and these individual differences have implications for affect, well-being, and social relationships.
Abstract: Five studies tested two general hypotheses: Individuals differ in their use of emotion regulation strategies such as reappraisal and suppression, and these individual differences have implications for affect, well-being, and social relationships. Study 1 presents new measures of the habitual use of reappraisal and suppression. Study 2 examines convergent and discriminant validity. Study 3 shows that reappraisers experience and express greater positive emotion and lesser negative emotion, whereas suppressors experience and express lesser positive emotion, yet experience greater negative emotion. Study 4 indicates that using reappraisal is associated with better interpersonal functioning, whereas using suppression is associated with worse interpersonal functioning. Study 5 shows that using reappraisal is related positively to well-being, whereas using suppression is related negatively.

8,261 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The Infant Behavior Questionnaire-Revised (IBQ-R) as discussed by the authors was developed to measure parent-reported measures of infant temperament, including nine new scales and minor modifications of the seven scales of the IBQ.
Abstract: This study describes a revision of a widely used parent-report measure of infant temperament, the Infant Behavior Questionnaire (IBQ; Rothbart, 1981 ). A rationally derived instrument was developed that included nine new scales and minor modifications of the seven scales of the IBQ. Parents of 360 infants, equally distributed over three age groups: 3–6 months; 6–9 months; and 9–12 months of age, participated. Conceptual and item analyses provided support for 14 of the 16 proposed scales, demonstrating satisfactory internal consistency. Inter-rater reliability was evaluated, with evidence of moderate agreement between primary and secondary caregivers. Monomethod discriminant validity was demonstrated through an examination of correlations among the Infant Behavior Questionnaire—Revised (IBQ-R) scale scores. Results of the factor analytic procedure were consistent with three broad dimensions of Surgency/Extraversion, Negative Affectivity, and Orienting/Regulation. Developmental and gender differences were also noted for a number of the IBQ-R scales. Specifically, older infants received higher scores on Approach, Vocal Reactivity, High Intensity Pleasure, Activity, Perceptual Sensitivity, Distress to Limitations, and Fear, whereas younger infants’ scores were higher for Low Intensity Pleasure, Cuddliness/Affiliation, and Duration of Orienting. Male infants obtained higher scores on Activity and High Intensity Pleasure, and female infants were rated higher on the Fear scale.

1,078 citations

Book ChapterDOI
01 May 2000
TL;DR: Sameroff and Fiese as mentioned in this paper found that 13.4% of children in the United States have emotional or behavioral disorders, 6.5% have learning disabilities, and 4% have developmental delays.
Abstract: The prevention of children's psychosocial disorders has not been an easily accomplished task. During the years since we wrote this last sentence in our chapter for the first edition of this book (Sameroff & Fiese, 1990), the lives of children in the United States have not improved. The Children's Defense Fund (1995) estimates that between 3 and 10 million children experience domestic violence yearly, with more than a million confirmed child abuse or neglect cases in 1993. Mental health also continues to be a major problem, with approximately 20% of children having diagnosable disorders (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 1990). Surveys of child health found that 13.4% of children in the United States have emotional or behavioral disorders, 6.5% have learning disabilities, and 4% have developmental delays (Zill & Schoenborn, 1990). Decreasing these numbers requires a clear understanding of the causes of these childhood problems. One of the clear correlates of increases in child problems is the decline in the quality of children's environments. Concurrent with the high level of problems among children, family resources for coping with these problems have diminished. In 1991, 22% of children lived in families with incomes below the poverty line, the highest rate since the early 1960s (Children's Defense Fund, 1992). During the same period, the percentage of female-headed singleparent homes increased from 7% to more than 21% (McLanahan, Astone, & Marks, 1991). Moreover, 75% of mothers of school-age children are in the workforce now compared to about 50% in 1970 (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 1993).

640 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The role of emotion regulation and emotion understanding in childhood adjustment and the implications of emotion research for the study of child psychopathology and child therapy are examined.

527 citations