Prenatal Substance Abuse: Short- and Long-term Effects on the Exposed Fetus
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This report will provide information for the most common drugs involved in prenatal exposure: nicotine, alcohol, marijuana, opiates, cocaine, and methamphetamine.Abstract:
Prenatal substance abuse continues to be a significant problem in this country and poses important health risks for the developing fetus. The primary care pediatrician's role in addressing prenatal substance exposure includes prevention, identification of exposure, recognition of medical issues for the exposed newborn infant, protection of the infant, and follow-up of the exposed infant. This report will provide information for the most common drugs involved in prenatal exposure: nicotine, alcohol, marijuana, opiates, cocaine, and methamphetamine.read more
Citations
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Sex and gender differences in substance use disorders.
TL;DR: An overview of sex/gender differences in the biology, epidemiology and treatment of SUDs is provided, especially focusing on hormonal factors in SUD course and treatment outcomes.
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Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome
TL;DR: An algorithmic approach to the management of infants with NAS is suggested, and pharmacological treatment is required if an improvement is not observed after nonpharmacological measures or if the infant develops severe withdrawal.
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Developmental Consequences of Fetal Exposure to Drugs: What We Know and What We Still Must Learn
TL;DR: Current knowledge on how alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, amphetamine, Ecstasy, and opiates produce alterations in neurodevelopmental trajectory is described, both on animal models and available clinical and imaging data from cross-sectional and longitudinal human studies.
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Functional Connectivity of the Infant Human Brain: Plastic and Modifiable
TL;DR: Findings of normal development of functional connectivity networks and their relationships to behaviors and disruptions of the normative functional connectivity development due to identifiable genetic and/or environmental risk factors during the first 2 years of human life are described.
References
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Breastfeeding and the Use of Human Milk
TL;DR: Pediatricians play a critical role in their practices and communities as advocates of breastfeeding and thus should be knowledgeable about the health risks of not breastfeeding, the economic benefits to society of breastfeeding, and the techniques for managing and supporting the breastfeeding dyad.
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Recognition of the fetal alcohol syndrome in early infancy
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TL;DR: The first necropsy performed on a patient with fetal alcohol syndrome disclosed serious dysmorphogenesis of the brain, which may be responsible for some of the functional abnormalities and the joint malposition seen in this syndrome.
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Pattern of malformation in offspring of chronic alcoholic mothers
TL;DR: The similarity in pattern of malformation noted among 8 unrelated children born to mothers who were chronic alcoholics suggests a singular mode of etiology related to an as yet unknown effect of maternal alcoholism.
Book
Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale
TL;DR: This chapter discusses the uses and research uses of the NBAS, as well as some of the myths and misconceptions surrounding its use and its place in modern nursing practice.
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Risk factors for adverse life outcomes in fetal alcohol syndrome and fetal alcohol effects.
Ann P. Streissguth,Fred L. Bookstein,Helen M. Barr,Paul D. Sampson,Kieran O'Malley,Julia Kogan Young +5 more
TL;DR: The odds of escaping these adverse life outcomes are increased 2- to 4-fold by receiving the diagnosis of FAS or FAE at an earlier age and by being reared in good stable environments.
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