Preparation and characteristic study of particle board from solid waste
01 Nov 2017-Vol. 263, Iss: 3, pp 032005
TL;DR: The physical and mechanical properties of these boards are then determined by using a series of tests like moisture content test, water absorption properties, thickness swelling, tensile test, compressive test and flexural strength as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The objective of this study is to use municipal dry waste, plant waste and saw dust collected from various sources to make particle boards with each individual item as well as a combination of these in various ratios. Since most of the previous studies done are by making use of fibers, the present work focuses on finding the properties of the board without the use of fibers. The physical and mechanical properties of these boards are then determined by using a series of tests like moisture content test, water absorption properties, thickness swelling, tensile test, compressive test and flexural strength. The results are then compared and most of the samples are found to comply with the IS standards.
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors provide an overview of current technologies, strategic innovations, and monitoring tools in Solid Waste Management (SWM), providing an overview on prevailing waste management scenarios across different countries and identifying the roles of life cycle assessment (LCA) and other modeling tools in SWM.
297 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors developed a cheap, safe, and energy-efficient composite board for effective house partitioning from sawdust and polypropylene plastic using cement and expanded polystyrene (EPS).
18 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the ceiling boards were made by varying the composite mass of the mix and mixing ratio of wood dust to cement, and a constant load of 5 kN was used for the compaction process using a hydraulic pressing machine.
6 citations
TL;DR: In this article , the physical-mechanical properties of three-layer particleboard made from sorghum stalk and sugarcane bagasse hybrid reinforced bonded with urea-formaldehyde resin were evaluated.
Abstract: This study evaluated the physical-mechanical properties of three-layer particleboard made from sorghum stalk and sugarcane bagasse hybrid reinforced bonded with urea-formaldehyde resin. The production of particleboards using the sorghum and bagasse particles has been established at the ratio of (25 : 50 : 75) sorghum stalk and sugarcane bagasse with urea-formaldehyde as a matrix at different concentrations (50 kg/m3, 60 kg/m3, and 70 kg/m3) and pressing pressure (18 MPa, 20 MPa, and 22 MPa) through hand mixing from 3 to 5 minutes and then hot press within a temperature range of 160°C to 180°C for 4 minutes. The particleboards were produced with their proportions through the Taguchi design of the experiment (L9) approach. The experimental results were analyzed using Taguchi design and ANOVA with a general linear model. The experimental results showed that internal bonding, flexural strength, modulus of elasticity, and moisture content were significantly improved with high resin content and pressing pressure from 18 MPa to 22 MPa. The thickness swelling value also dropped where the resin concentration varies from 50 kg/m3 to 70 kg/m3 and shows better board stability. In contrast, the water absorption increased as resin content was increased. Results from ANOVA provide that SS3B1P3UFR3 (3 : 1 ratio of Sorghum with bagasse, 22 MPa of pressing load, and 70 kg/m3 urea-formaldehyde concentration) is the most optimal combination of variables for the better performance of particleboard.
6 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , the mechanical, physical, and chemical properties of mycelium-based composites made from four different fungal species (Ganoderma fornicatum, Ganoderma williamsianum, Lentinus sajor-caju, and Schizophyllum commune) combined with three different types of lignocellulosic residues (sawdust, corn husk, and rice straw) were investigated.
Abstract: Mycelium-based composites (MBCs) are characterized as biodegradable materials derived from fungal species. These composites can be employed across a range of industrial applications that involve the manufacturing of packaging materials as well as the manufacturing of buildings, furniture, and various other household items. However, different fungal species and substrates can directly affect the functional properties of MBCs, which ultimately vary their potential to be used in many applications. In this study, the mechanical, physical, and chemical properties of MBCs made from four different fungal species (Ganoderma fornicatum, Ganoderma williamsianum, Lentinus sajor-caju, and Schizophyllum commune) combined with three different types of lignocellulosic residues (sawdust, corn husk, and rice straw) were investigated. The results indicate that differences in both the type of lignocellulosic residues and the fungal species could affect the properties of the obtained MBCs. It was found that the MBCs obtained from sawdust had the highest degree of density. Moreover, MBCs obtained from S. commune with all three types of lignocellulosic residues exhibited the highest shrinkage value. The greatest degree of water absorption was observed in the MBCs obtained from rice straw, followed by those obtained from corn husk and sawdust. Additionally, the thermal degradation ability of the MBCs was observed to be within a range of 200 to 325 °C, which was in accordance with the thermal degradation ability of each type of lignocellulosic residue. The greatest degrees of compressive, flexural, impact, and tensile strength were observed in the MBCs of G. williamsianum and L. sajor-caju. The results indicate that the MBCs made from corn husk, combined with each fungal species, exhibited the highest values of flexural, impact, and tensile strength. Subsequently, an analysis of the chemical properties indicated that the pH value, nitrogen content, and organic matter content of the obtained MBCs were within the following ranges: 4.67–6.12, 1.05–1.37%, and 70.40–86.28%, respectively. The highest degree of electrical conductivity was observed in MBCs obtained from rice straw. Most of the physical and mechanical properties of the obtained MBCs were similar to those of polyimide and polystyrene foam. Therefore, these composites could be used to further develop relevant strategies that may allow manufacturers to effectively replace polyimide and polystyrene foams in the future.
1 citations
References
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TL;DR: In this paper, the potential application of agro-waste as the ingredient for alternate sustainable construction materials is explored, based on the availability of Agro-Waste materials, sustainable construction material are evaluated for their physico-mechanical properties, methods of production and environmental impact.
374 citations
19 Feb 2016
TL;DR: In this article, an attempt is made to evaluate the major parameters of MSWM, in addition to a comprehensive review of MSW generation, its characterization, collection, and treatment options as practiced in India.
Abstract: The abysmal state of and challenges in municipal solid waste management (MSWM) in urban India is the motivation of the present study. Urbanization contributes enhanced municipal solid waste (MSW) generation and unscientific handling of MSW degrades the urban environment and causes health hazards. In this paper, an attempt is made to evaluate the major parameters of MSWM, in addition to a comprehensive review of MSW generation, its characterization, collection, and treatment options as practiced in India. The current status of MSWM in Indian states and important cities of India is also reported. The essential conditions for harnessing optimal benefits from the possibilities for public private partnership and challenges thereof and unnoticeable role of rag-pickers are also discussed. The study concludes that installation of decentralized solid waste processing units in metropolitan cities/towns and development of formal recycling industry sector is the need of the hour in developing countries like I...
354 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors improved mechanical properties and water resistance of wheat straw-soy flour particleboard by chemically modifying soy flour by using Boric acid and citric acid along with sodium hypophosphite monohydrate.
Abstract: The objective of this research was to improve mechanical properties and water resistance of wheat straw–soy flour particleboard by chemically modifying soy flour. Urea and urease inhibitor N -( n -butyl) thiophosphoric triamide ( n BTPT) were used to modify the proteins. Boric acid and citric acid along sodium hypophosphite monohydrate were used to modify soy carbohydrates. Sodium hydroxide was used to unfold protein molecules. The combined effect of the chemicals was also studied. Particleboard bonded by urea and high concentrations of n BTPT treated soy flour improved mechanical properties, that bonded by boric acid treated soy flour had better water resistance. The adhesive made from soy flour treated with 1.5 M urea, 0.4% n BTPT, 7% citric acid, 4% NaH 2 PO 2 , 3% boric acid, and 1.85% NaOH, produced particleboard with the maximum mechanical strength and water resistance.
100 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the influence of PMDI/PF ratios in particles on the formaldehyde emission and its mechanical properties were investigated, and the results showed that the amount of formaldehyde released decreased linearly with increasing PMDI and PF particle ratio.
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TL;DR: The results from this study indicated that technically waste paper could be a potential substitute material for particleboard manufacture.
34 citations