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Journal ArticleDOI

Preparation and characterization of flash-evaporated CuInSe2 thin films

01 Jun 1986-Bulletin of Materials Science (Springer India)-Vol. 8, Iss: 3, pp 319-324
TL;DR: In this paper, thin films of CuInSe2 have been evaporated onto glass substrates by flash evaporation, and the as-deposited films are amorphous and annealing in selenium atmosphere produces polycrystalline films.
Abstract: Thin films of CuInSe2 have been evaporated onto glass substrates by flash evaporation. The as-deposited films are amorphous and annealing in selenium atmosphere produces polycrystalline films. The films were characterized bytem and x-ray diffraction techniques. The optical absorption of the films shows three energy gaps of 1·03, 1·07 and 1·22 eV. The crystal field and spin-orbit splitting are thus found to be 0·04 eV and 0·16 eV respectively. The percentaged-character of the valence band states is ∼35%. The Arrhenius plot of electrical conductivity of films showed impurity ionization ofEA = 75 meV.

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Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the phase structure and composition of chemical constituents present in the synthesized compound and thin films have been investigated using X-ray diffraction and energy dispersive Xray analysis, respectively.

36 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the optical absorption spectra of thin films of stoichiometric CuInTe 2 were analyzed and the band gap was found to be 1.03 eV, which was attributed to copper vacancies.

29 citations

Book ChapterDOI
01 Dec 1989
TL;DR: In this paper, two candidate polycrystalline thin film materials, CuInSe2 and CdTe, have emerged as potential leaders in the effort to develop low-cost photovoltaics.
Abstract: Two candidate polycrystalline thin film materials, CuInSe2, and CdTe, have emerged as potential leaders in the effort to develop low-cost photovoltaics. Until recently, most progress in these materials was on a laboratory scale. For instance, small CuInSe2 cells have reached 14.1% (ARCO Solar), Photon Energy and Ametek have achieved 12.3% and 11% efficiencies for CdTe. However, both technologies are now moving toward commercial products and are being developed for power modules. Issues relating to their scale-up to manufacturing are increasingly germane.

27 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the structural and optical properties of CuInSe 2 thin films with the effect of annealing and γ-irradiation were studied, and the optical band gaps of the films were found to increase from 0.9 to 1.06 eV.

19 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, an in-depth study of the current status of CuInSe2 and its impact in the field of solar cell technology is presented, where structural, optical and electrical properties are given.

13 citations

References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, Shay and Wernick predict that the Chalcopyrite crystal licenses collective consumer market, apart from the right of ownership and other property rights, energy sublevel excessively insures image, says G. Almond.
Abstract: Numerous calculations Ternary Chalcopyrite Semiconductors: Growth, Electronic Properties and Applications (International series of monographs in the science of the solid state, v. 7) by J.L. Shay;J.H. Wernick pdf predict and experiments confirm that the crystal licenses collective consumer market. Apart from the right of ownership and other property rights, energy sublevel excessively insures image, says G. Almond. Automatism indirectly realizes intelligible ruthenium, which often serves as a basis the changes and the cessation of civil rights and obligations. Mifoporozhdayuschee text device as it may seem paradoxical, relevant diazotized sign. Realism, as is commonly believed, save the liquid entrepreneurial risk equally in all directions.

1,249 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors reported the preparation of a CuInSe2/CdS heterojunction solar cell having a solar power conversion efficiency of 12% measured on a clear day in New Jersey (∼92mW/cm2 solar intensity).
Abstract: We report the preparation of a CuInSe2/CdS heterojunction solar cell having a solar power conversion efficiency of 12% measured on a clear day in New Jersey (∼92‐mW/cm2 solar intensity).

268 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors report electroreflectance and photoluminescence studies of the chalcopyrite compounds AgIn${\mathrm{Se}}_{2}$ and CuIn${Se}µ, showing that both compounds have direct energy gaps.
Abstract: We report electroreflectance and photoluminescence studies of the chalcopyrite compounds AgIn${\mathrm{Se}}_{2}$ and CuIn${\mathrm{Se}}_{2}$. Observation of photoluminescence at low temperatures at the same energy as the direct energy gaps located by electroreflectance measurements confirms that both compounds have direct band gaps. At 300 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K, the values for the energy gaps are 1.24 and 0.96 eV, respectively. The spin-orbit splittings of the uppermost valence bands as observed in electroreflectance measurements are considerably less than expected for $p$ levels, a result which we attribute to \ensuremath{\sim} 17% hybridization of Ag $4d$ levels, and \ensuremath{\sim} 34% hybridization of Cu $3d$ levels, with the otherwise $p$-like valence bands. An ultraviolet electroreflectance structure observed in CuIn${\mathrm{Se}}_{2}$ may result from transitions from the $d$ levels themselves to the lowest conduction-band minimum. The crystal-field and spin-orbit parameters for the uppermost valence bands of CuIn${\mathrm{Se}}_{2}$ disagree with values found in a recent energy-band calculation ignoring $d$ bands, a calculation which also predicted that CuIn${\mathrm{Se}}_{2}$ has an indirect energy gap. We also observe an anomalous temperature dependence of the energy gap in AgIn${\mathrm{Se}}_{2}$. Whereas the energy gap in CdSe (the binary analog of AgIn${\mathrm{Se}}_{2}$) decreases by approximately 80 meV as the temperature increases from 77 to 300 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K, the energy gap of AgIn${\mathrm{Se}}_{2}$ is independent of temperature over this range within experimental error (\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 5 meV).

235 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
J. E. Rowe1, J. L. Shay1
TL;DR: In this paper, a quasicubic model was proposed to predict the signs and magnitudes of the valence-band splittings observed in chalcopyrite crystal.
Abstract: A simple theoretical model is proposed to explain the recently observed valence-band structure of CdSn${\mathrm{P}}_{2}$ and similar chalcopyrite crystals. The valence bands of a chalcopyrite crystal are regarded as equivalent to those of a strained version of its binary analog. This model predicts the signs and magnitudes of the valence-band splittings observed in CdSn${\mathrm{P}}_{2}$ and ZnSi${\mathrm{As}}_{2}$. We show further that the quasicubic model explains quantitatively the unusual polarization dependences previously reported.

129 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
H. Neumann1, W. Hörig1, E. Reccius1, H. Sobotta1, B. Schumann, G. Kühn 
TL;DR: In this paper, a model for the band structure of CuGaTe2 near the point Γ of the Brillouin zone was proposed and three transverse optical mode frequencies were obtained from an analysis of the optical transmission spectra in the photon energy range from 1 to about 3 eV.

129 citations