Preparation, Characterization and Assessment of the Novel Gelatin–tamarind Gum/Carboxymethyl Tamarind Gum-Based Phase-Separated Films for Skin Tissue Engineering Applications
22 Jan 2017-Polymer-plastics Technology and Engineering (Taylor & Francis)-Vol. 56, Iss: 2, pp 141-152
TL;DR: In this paper, the development of novel gelatin-tamarind gum/carboxymethyl tamarind gum-based phase-separated films for probable skin tissue engineering applications was delineated.
Abstract: The current study delineates the development of novel gelatin–tamarind gum/carboxymethyl tamarind gum-based phase-separated films for probable skin tissue engineering applications. Polyethylene glycol was used as plasticizer. The films were characterized thoroughly using mechanical tester and impedance analyzer. Cell proliferation ability and drug release properties of the films were investigated. Mechanical studies indicated composition-dependent stress relaxation properties. Polysaccharide containing films supported better proliferation of human keratinocytes as compared to control. Drug-loaded films showed good antimicrobial properties against Escherichia coli. Analysis of the results indicated that the prepared films may be tried as matrices for skin tissue engineering.
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TL;DR: In this paper, a biphasic edible film based on sago starch (SS) and guar gum (GG) was developed, and thereafter, two essential oils (EOs) were impregnated either individually or in combination into the blend.
Abstract: Edible films and coatings formulated with antimicrobial agents and renewable biopolymers have attracted research interest because of their contribution towards food safety and biodegradability. In this study, a biphasic edible film based on sago starch (SS) and guar gum (GG) was developed, and thereafter, two essential oils (EOs), namely, carvacrol (0.75% w/w) and citral (1.0% w/w) were impregnated either individually or in combination into the blend. The morphology, optical, structural, and water barrier properties of the films were evaluated by various analytical techniques. Scanning electron micrographs exhibited the roughness on the top surface of the EO incorporated blend films, whereas the confocal microscopy confirmed the dispersibility of EOs into the blend. The tensile strength of films significantly reduced and elongation at break increased when EOs were incorporated. The SS/GG/EO films exhibited excellent antimicrobial activity against Bacillus cereus and Escherichia coli. These results indicate that EOs have the potential as antimicrobial agents in SS/GG films for use as active packaging materials in the food applications.
68 citations
TL;DR: CMTG hydrogel films showed high drug loading with non-Fickian release mechanism suggesting controlled release of drug, and were found to be biocompatible, it can be concluded that the citric acid can be used for the preparation of CMTGHydrogels films.
Abstract: The objective of this study was to synthesize and characterize citric acid crosslinked carboxymethyl tamarind gum (CMTG) hydrogels films. The hydrogel films were characterized by Attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, solid state 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR) spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). The prepared hydrogel films were evaluated for the carboxyl content and swelling ratio. The model drug moxifloxacin hydrochloride was loaded into hydrogels films and drug release was studied at pH 7.4. The hemolysis assay was used to study the biocompatibility of hydrogel films. The results of ATR-FTIR, solid state 13C NMR and DSC confirmed the formation of ester crosslinks between citric acid and CMTG. The total carboxyl content of hydrogel film was found to be decreased when amount of CMTG was increased. The swelling of hydrogel film was found to be decreased with increase in curing temperature and time. CMTG hydrogel films showed high drug loading with non-Fickian release mechanism suggesting controlled release of drug. The hydrogel films were found to be biocompatible. It can be concluded that the citric acid can be used for the preparation of CMTG hydrogel films. Further, CMTG hydrogel film can be used potentially for controlled release of drug.
62 citations
TL;DR: The present study delineates the synthesis of novel composite films using polyvinyl alcohol and carboxymethyl tamarind gum and confirmed the formation of composite matrices, which can be explored for skin tissue engineering and drug delivery applications.
Abstract: The present study delineates the synthesis of novel composite films using polyvinyl alcohol and carboxymethyl tamarind gum. The microscopic study results confirmed the formation of composite matrices. FTIR spectroscopy suggested the occurrence of hydrogen-bonding amongst the components of the films. The extent of hydrogen bonding was composition-dependent which reached a critical higher limit at a particular composition. At the critical composition, the instantaneous and the intermediate polymer relaxation time were longer. All the films were found to be viscoelastic in nature. The melting endotherm was also highest for the composition described above. Ciprofloxacin loaded films showed excellent antimicrobial property against E. coli, suggesting that the drug was released in its active form. Cell proliferation study using human keratinocytes suggested better cell proliferation in the CMT containing films as compared to the control (PVA only) film. In gist, the developed films can be explored for skin tissue engineering and drug delivery applications.
41 citations
Cites background from "Preparation, Characterization and A..."
...The researchers have preferred CMT because of its improved resistance to microbial degradation, viscosity enhancing property and more importantly, its cell proliferative property (Shaw et al., 2016)....
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...In our recent report, we have shown that CMT can be used in skin tissue engineering (Shaw et al., 2016)....
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TL;DR: The reported polymeric bioactive scaffolds can be aspirant biomaterials for bone tissue engineering to regenerate defecated bone, including porosity with substantial mechanical strength, biodegradability, biocompatibility and cytocompatible behavior.
Abstract: Advancement and innovation in bone regeneration, specifically polymeric composite scaffolds, are of high significance for the treatment of bone defects. Xyloglucan (XG) is a polysaccharide biopolymer having a wide variety of regenerative tissue therapeutic applications due to its biocompatibility, in-vitro degradation and cytocompatibility. Current research is focused on the fabrication of polymeric bioactive scaffolds by freeze drying method for nanocomposite materials. The nanocomposite materials have been synthesized from free radical polymerization using n-SiO2 and n-HAp XG and Methacrylic acid (MAAc). Functional group analysis, crystallinity and surface morphology were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques, respectively. These bioactive polymeric scaffolds presented interconnected and well-organized porous morphology, controlled precisely by substantial ratios of n-SiO2. The swelling analysis was also performed in different media at varying temperatures (27, 37 and 47 °C) and the mechanical behavior of the dried scaffolds is also investigated. Antibacterial activities of these scaffolds were conducted against pathogenic gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Besides, the biological behavior of these scaffolds was evaluated by the Neutral Red dye assay against the MC3T3-E1 cell line. The scaffolds showed interesting properties for bone tissue engineering, including porosity with substantial mechanical strength, biodegradability, biocompatibility and cytocompatibility behavior. The reported polymeric bioactive scaffolds can be aspirant biomaterials for bone tissue engineering to regenerate defecated bone.
29 citations
Cites background from "Preparation, Characterization and A..."
...It was found that drug-loaded films showed good antimicrobial behavior against Escherichia coli and results showed that films are suitable as matrices for skin tissue engineering [19]....
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...It was found that drug-loaded films showed good antimicrobial behavior against Escherichia coli and r sults showed that films are suit ble s matric s for skin tissue engineering [19]....
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TL;DR: In this study, three different types of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were incorporated within the dispersed TG phase of the filled hydrogels, which suggested the probable use of such hydrogel in wound healing, tissue engineering and drug delivery applications.
Abstract: The study reports the synthesis and characterization of gelatin-tamarind gum (TG) based filled hydrogels for drug delivery applications. In this study, three different types of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were incorporated within the dispersed TG phase of the filled hydrogels. The prepared hydrogels were thoroughly characterised using bright field microscope, FESEM, FTIR spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimeter, and mechanical tester. The swelling and the drug (salicylic acid) release properties of the filled hydrogels were also evaluated. The micrographs revealed the formation of biphasic systems. The internal phase appeared as agglomerates, and the CNTs were confined within the dispersed TG phase. FTIR and XRD studies revealed that CNTs promoted associative interactions among the components of the hydrogel, which promoted the formation of large crystallite size. The mechanical study indicated better resistance to the breakdown of the architecture of the CNT-containing filled hydrogels. Drug release studies, both passive and iontophoretic, suggested that the non-Fickian diffusion of the drug was prevalent during its release from hydrogel matrices. The prepared hydrogels were cytocompatible with human keratinocytes. The results suggested the probable use of such hydrogels in wound healing, tissue engineering and drug delivery applications.
21 citations
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TL;DR: The present article is a comprehensive review of the current state of the art of mathematical modeling drug release from HPMC-based delivery systems and discusses the crucial points of the most important theories.
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2,354 citations
TL;DR: This review highlights the use of hydrogels (a class of polymeric systems) in controlled drug delivery, and their application in stimuli- responsive, especially pH-responsive, drug release.
Abstract: Hydrogels are one of the upcoming classes of polymer-based controlled-release drug delivery systems. Besides exhibiting swelling-controlled drug release, hydrogels also show stimuli-responsive changes in their structural network and hence, the drug release. Because of large variations in physiological pH at various body sites in normal as well as pathological conditions, pH-responsive polymeric networks have been extensively studied. This review highlights the use of hydrogels (a class of polymeric systems) in controlled drug delivery, and their application in stimuli-responsive, especially pH-responsive, drug release.
1,593 citations
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TL;DR: Classification, requirements, applications, physical properties, biodegradability, and degradation mechanisms of representative biodesgradable polymers that have already been commercialized or are under investigation are outlined.
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1,411 citations