scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question
Journal ArticleDOI

Preparation, Characterization, and Performance of Conductive Fabrics: Cotton + PANi

01 Feb 2004-Textile Research Journal (SAGE Publications)-Vol. 74, Iss: 2, pp 155-166
TL;DR: In this article, conductive cotton + PANi fabrics are prepared by in-situ chemical oxidative polymer ization of aniline using ammonium persulphate as the oxidant by a process of diffusion polymerization in a mixed bath.
Abstract: Conductive cotton + PANi fabrics are prepared by in-situ chemical oxidative polymer ization of aniline using ammonium persulphate as the oxidant by a process of diffusion polymerization in a mixed bath. These fabrics are characterized by elemental analysis, XRF, ATR-FTIR, WAXD, SEM, DSC, and two-probe conductivity. Sorption properties are studied by measuring the weight uptake before and after reaction. The composite fabrics are studied for their performance after repeated washing, and tested for their flame retardancy, EMI shielding, and gas sensing properties.
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
07 Jul 2014-Sensors
TL;DR: This review focuses on recent advances in the field of Smart Textiles and pays particular attention to the materials and their manufacturing process, to highlight a possible trade-off between flexibility, ergonomics, low power consumption, integration and eventually autonomy.
Abstract: Electronic Textiles (e-textiles) are fabrics that feature electronics and interconnections woven into them, presenting physical flexibility and typical size that cannot be achieved with other existing electronic manufacturing techniques. Components and interconnections are intrinsic to the fabric and thus are less visible and not susceptible of becoming tangled or snagged by surrounding objects. E-textiles can also more easily adapt to fast changes in the computational and sensing requirements of any specific application, this one representing a useful feature for power management and context awareness. The vision behind wearable computing foresees future electronic systems to be an integral part of our everyday outfits. Such electronic devices have to meet special requirements concerning wearability. Wearable systems will be characterized by their ability to automatically recognize the activity and the behavioral status of their own user as well as of the situation around her/him, and to use this information to adjust the systems' configuration and functionality. This review focuses on recent advances in the field of Smart Textiles and pays particular attention to the materials and their manufacturing process. Each technique shows advantages and disadvantages and our aim is to highlight a possible trade-off between flexibility, ergonomics, low power consumption, integration and eventually autonomy.

1,576 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the results from applying modified silica nanosols to the functionalisation of textiles have been discussed, including textiles with water, oil and soil repellency and with antimicrobial properties.
Abstract: The maintenance and improvement of current properties and the creation of new material properties are the most important reasons for the functionalisation of textiles. The coating of textiles with chemically or physically modified silica sols with particle diameters smaller than 50 nm (“nanosols”) enables the manifold alteration of their physico-mechanical, optical, electrical and biological properties. Thus the protection of textiles against destruction and the creation of new advantageous functions can be realised. Prospective new products to be developed include textiles with water, oil and soil repellency and with antimicrobial properties. This article discusses recent results from applying modified silica nanosols to the functionalisation of textiles.

347 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A novel, facile, and versatile approach for preparing highly durable, electrically conductive cotton yarns is reported, which can be extended as a general method for making conductive yarns and fabrics from all kinds of natural fibers.
Abstract: A novel, facile, and versatile approach for preparing highly durable, electrically conductive cotton yarns is reported. Polyelectrolyte brushes, a polymer that covalently tethers one end on a surface, are first grown from cotton surfaces by surface-initiated atomic transfer radical polymerization. Subsequent electroless deposition of metal particles onto the brush-modified cotton yarns yields electrically conductive yarns, which have conductivity as high as ∼1 S/cm and can be used as electrical wires in wearable, flexible electronic devices. Importantly, the formation of polymer brush-bridged metal/cotton hierarchical structures provides robust mechanical and electrical durability to the yarns under many stretching, bending, rubbing, and washing cycles. With proper selection of metal, the conductivity of the samples remains stable after they are stored in air for a few months. This chemical approach can be extended as a general method for making conductive yarns and fabrics from all kinds of natural fibers.

180 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the PANI structure of polyaniline has been exposed to various temperatures between 100°C and 1000°C for 2-h in air for 2.

131 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, it is reported that when a fixed voltage is applied to such a modified piece of cloth, the heat generated is up to 1000 W/m2 depending on the percentage of pyrrole present.
Abstract: Recent developments in the area of textiles to make fabrics more functional have led to synthesizing “intelligent fabrics.” This can be achieved by making the fabrics electrically conducting. In the present study it is reported that the cotton fabrics, when impregnated with polypyrrole, achieve enhanced level of conduction. The method of diffusion of pyrrole, followed by polymerization using iron chloride as oxidant, was used. The different levels of conduction were achieved by varying the contents of monomer in the bath from 0.01 to 0.1M during the synthesis. The conductivity could be enhanced from the initial value of 10−12 to 101 S/cm. It is shown that when a fixed voltage is applied to such a modified piece of cloth, the heat generated is up to 1000 W/m2 depending on the percentage of pyrrole present. Such fabrics can be used as heating pads and integrated into the apparel to keep the wearer warm enough using a portable 9.0-V battery. Being flexible and breathable, such fabrics have better comfort properties (compared with conventional heating pads). It can find applications in dresses for army personnel and old-age patients. Such conductive fabrics can also find applications in many areas such as electromagnetic interference shielding, gas sensors, and temperature indicators. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 4690–4695, 2006

101 citations

References
More filters
Book
11 Mar 1969

1,296 citations


"Preparation, Characterization, and ..." refers methods in this paper

  • ...Crystallite size was determined from the strongest peaks of the fabric samples using Scherrer’s equation [2]....

    [...]

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of charge transfer on conjugated polymers was investigated at the ab initio level with explicit consideration of the doping agents, and three systems were chosen for study as prototypical examples of polymers with nondegenerate ground states: polyparaphenylene, polypyrrole, and polythiophene.
Abstract: The effect of charge-transfer doping on the geometric and electronic structures of conjugated polymers has been investigated at the ab initio level with explicit consideration of the doping agents. Three systems were chosen for study as prototypical examples of conjugated polymers with nondegenerate ground states: polyparaphenylene, polypyrrole, and polythiophene. As a result of charge transfer with electron-donating dopants, extra charges appear on the polymer chains and induce strong geometry modifications. The lattice evolves from an aromatic structure towards a quinoid-like structure. Charged defects associated with lattice deformations such as spinless bipolarons are formed. The influence on the electronic structure of the polymer chains is such that with respect to the undoped case, new states appear within the gap. For the maximum doping levels experimentally achieved, band-structure calculations demonstrate that the states in the gap overlap to form bipolaron bands, a few tenths of an electron volt wide. The presence of these bipolaron bands is consistent with optical data as well as with magnetic data which suggest that the charge carriers in the highly conducting regime are spinless.

627 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Dec 1989-Polymer
TL;DR: In this article, the polymerization of aniline in aqueous solutions was studied as a function of a wide variety of synthesis parameters, such as pH, relative concentration of reactants, polymerization temperature and time.

590 citations


"Preparation, Characterization, and ..." refers methods in this paper

  • ...[7, 8], then Cusick [9] developed an instrument based on the...

    [...]

  • ...Polyaniline was prepared by the standard chemical method [7], and the conductive fabrics were prepared as follows: Washed and dried cotton fabric samples were allowed to soak in an aniline solution (0....

    [...]

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the HCl-doped polyaniline showed three major weight losses at around 100, 200, and 500°C which are assigned to removal of H2O and HCl, and decomposition of the polymer, respectively.
Abstract: Thermal characteristics of chemically synthesized polyaniline with various dopants have been studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), infrared spectroscopy, gel-permeation chromatography (GPC), and chemical titration. The HCl-doped polyaniline shows three major weight losses at around 100, 200, and 500°C which are assigned to removal of H2O and HCl, and decomposition of the polymer, respectively. Thermal aging of the HCl-doped polyaniline performed at 100, 150, and 200°C for various periods of time results in a decrease in conductivity. After the thermal treatments, the polymer can be re-doped with HCl to partially recover the conductivity. However, both the conductivity and the doping level cannot be restored to the level of the original materials owing probably to changes in morphology, crosslinking, or other chemical reactions.

168 citations


"Preparation, Characterization, and ..." refers background or methods in this paper

  • ...Among the manufacturing processes used to produce conductive materials are 7T-electron conjugate polymers such as polythiophene, polyaniline [19, 10], and polypyrrole [ 10, 6]....

    [...]

  • ...The polymer can be easily prepared by oxidative polymerization with a high yield, and it is stable under ambient conditions [19, 1, 8]....

    [...]