Preparation of aqueous magnetic liquids in alkaline and acidic media
TL;DR: In this article, the results of work on the preparation of aqueous magnetic liquids without using organic stabilizing agents are presented, and the results are compared to those of the same authors.
Abstract: The results of work on the preparation of aqueous magnetic liquids without using organic stabilizing agents is presented.
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TL;DR: This review focuses on the synthesis, protection, functionalization, and application of magnetic nanoparticles, as well as the magnetic properties of nanostructured systems.
Abstract: This review focuses on the synthesis, protection, functionalization, and application of magnetic nanoparticles, as well as the magnetic properties of nanostructured systems. Substantial progress in the size and shape control of magnetic nanoparticles has been made by developing methods such as co-precipitation, thermal decomposition and/or reduction, micelle synthesis, and hydrothermal synthesis. A major challenge still is protection against corrosion, and therefore suitable protection strategies will be emphasized, for example, surfactant/polymer coating, silica coating and carbon coating of magnetic nanoparticles or embedding them in a matrix/support. Properly protected magnetic nanoparticles can be used as building blocks for the fabrication of various functional systems, and their application in catalysis and biotechnology will be briefly reviewed. Finally, some future trends and perspectives in these research areas will be outlined.
5,956 citations
TL;DR: Practical Interests of Magnetic NuclearRelaxation for the Characterization of Superparamagnetic Colloid, and Use of Nanoparticles as Contrast Agents forMRI20825.
Abstract: 1. Introduction 20642. Synthesis of Magnetic Nanoparticles 20662.1. Classical Synthesis by Coprecipitation 20662.2. Reactions in Constrained Environments 20682.3. Hydrothermal and High-TemperatureReactions20692.4. Sol-Gel Reactions 20702.5. Polyol Methods 20712.6. Flow Injection Syntheses 20712.7. Electrochemical Methods 20712.8. Aerosol/Vapor Methods 20712.9. Sonolysis 20723. Stabilization of Magnetic Particles 20723.1. Monomeric Stabilizers 20723.1.1. Carboxylates 20733.1.2. Phosphates 20733.2. Inorganic Materials 20733.2.1. Silica 20733.2.2. Gold 20743.3. Polymer Stabilizers 20743.3.1. Dextran 20743.3.2. Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) 20753.3.3. Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) 20753.3.4. Alginate 20753.3.5. Chitosan 20753.3.6. Other Polymers 20753.4. Other Strategies for Stabilization 20764. Methods of Vectorization of the Particles 20765. Structural and Physicochemical Characterization 20785.1. Size, Polydispersity, Shape, and SurfaceCharacterization20795.2. Structure of Ferro- or FerrimagneticNanoparticles20805.2.1. Ferro- and Ferrimagnetic Nanoparticles 20805.3. Use of Nanoparticles as Contrast Agents forMRI20825.3.1. High Anisotropy Model 20845.3.2. Small Crystal and Low Anisotropy EnergyLimit20855.3.3. Practical Interests of Magnetic NuclearRelaxation for the Characterization ofSuperparamagnetic Colloid20855.3.4. Relaxation of Agglomerated Systems 20856. Applications 20866.1. MRI: Cellular Labeling, Molecular Imaging(Inflammation, Apoptose, etc.)20866.2.
5,915 citations
2,970 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a review of state-of-the-art synthetic routes for the preparation of magnetic nanoparticles useful for biomedical applications is presented, with a special emphasis on showing the benefits of using nanoparticles.
Abstract: This review is focused on describing state-of-the-art synthetic routes for the preparation of magnetic nanoparticles useful for biomedical applications. In addition to this topic, we have also described in some detail some of the possible applications of magnetic nanoparticles in the field of biomedicine with special emphasis on showing the benefits of using nanoparticles. Finally, we have addressed some relevant findings on the importance of having well-defined synthetic routes to produce materials not only with similar physical features but also with similar crystallochemical characteristics.
1,753 citations
TL;DR: Biocompatibility, Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Applications L. Harivardhan Reddy,‡ Jose ́ L. Arias, Julien Nicolas,† and Patrick Couvreur*,†.
Abstract: Biocompatibility, Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Applications L. Harivardhan Reddy,†,‡ Jose ́ L. Arias, Julien Nicolas,† and Patrick Couvreur*,† †Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie, Pharmacotechnie et Biopharmacie, Universite ́ Paris-Sud XI, UMR CNRS 8612, Faculte ́ de Pharmacie, IFR 141, 5 rue Jean-Baptiste Cleḿent, F-92296 Chat̂enay-Malabry, France Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmaceútica, Facultad de Farmacia, Campus Universitario de Cartuja s/n, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain ‡Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, Sanofi, 13 Quai Jules Guesdes, F-94403 Vitry-sur-Seine, France
1,705 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, stable colloidal dispersions of subdomain-size magnetic particles have been prepared that retain their liquid characteristics in the presence of a magnetic field, correcting for the formation of a nonmagnetic surface mantle one unit cell thick.
Abstract: Stable colloidal dispersions of subdomain‐size magnetic particles have been prepared that retain their liquid characteristics in the presence of a magnetic field. Magnetization versus applied field curves were obtained as a function of particle size and volumetric solids concentration for magnetite dispersions in a wide variety of carrier liquids. The magnetic properties of these colloidal dispersions have been corrolated by superparamagnetic theory in terms of the size distribution of the suspended particles and their volumetric concentration, correcting for the formation of a nonmagnetic surface mantle one‐unit‐cell thick.
336 citations
200 citations
01 Jun 1962
TL;DR: In this article, a thorough investigation into the nature of magnetite colloids suitable for the Bitter technique has been undertaken, and changes in the method of manufacture are proposed to improve performance.
Abstract: A thorough investigation into the nature of magnetite colloids suitable for the Bitter technique has been undertaken. From the results of the investigation, changes in the method of manufacture are proposed to improve performance. These include the application of a strong magnetic field to the colloid during its preparation, and the careful control of conditions prior to the dispersal of the colloid. Two grades of colloid are described - one to reveal the fine structure of domain walls under electron microscope examination, and the other to follow domain wall movements and trace domain growth under optical microscope examination whilst the fields are still applied. Photographs of the results obtained with these colloids are included.
16 citations
01 Jan 1966
2 citations