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Journal ArticleDOI

Preparation of Mechanically Robust Bio-Based Polyurethane Foams Using Depolymerized Native Lignin

TL;DR: In this paper, depolymerized native lignin is used as a feedstock for high-performance bio-based polymeric materials, which is a major structural polymer in lignocellulosic biomass.
Abstract: Native lignin, a major structural polymer in lignocellulosic biomass, offers unique advantages as a feedstock for high-performance bio-based polymeric materials. In this work, depolymerized native ...
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper , a simple one-step foaming method was proposed to prepare lignin-based polyurethane foams (LPUFs) in which fully biobased polyether polyols partially replace traditional petroleum-based raw materials.

28 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper , a comprehensive HT-GC × GC FID/MS enables reliable detection and quantification of RCF lignin monomers, dimers and trimers.

28 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article , the authors proposed to use Lignocellulosic biomass as a key feedstock for the sustainable production of biofuels, biobased chemicals and performance materials.

22 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
23 Feb 2022-Polymers
TL;DR: In this article , the state-of-the-art techniques and procedures concerning treatments and modifications of lignocellulosic materials in order to use them as precursors for biomaterials, biochemicals and bio-fuels, with particular focus on lignin and Lignin-based products.
Abstract: The present review is devoted to the description of the state-of-the-art techniques and procedures concerning treatments and modifications of lignocellulosic materials in order to use them as precursors for biomaterials, biochemicals and biofuels, with particular focus on lignin and lignin-based products. Four different main pretreatment types are outlined, i.e., thermal, mechanical, chemical and biological, with special emphasis on the biological action of fungi and bacteria. Therefore, by selecting a determined type of fungi or bacteria, some of the fractions may remain unaltered, while others may be decomposed. In this sense, the possibilities to obtain different final products are massive, depending on the type of microorganism and the biomass selected. Biofuels, biochemicals and biomaterials derived from lignocellulose are extensively described, covering those obtained from the lignocellulose as a whole, but also from the main biopolymers that comprise its structure, i.e., cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. In addition, special attention has been paid to the formulation of bio-polyurethanes from lignocellulosic materials, focusing more specifically on their applications in the lubricant, adhesive and cushioning material fields. High-performance alternatives to petroleum-derived products have been reported, such as adhesives that substantially exceed the adhesion performance of those commercially available in different surfaces, lubricating greases with tribological behaviour superior to those in lithium and calcium soap and elastomers with excellent static and dynamic performance.

14 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper , the suitability of lignin for manufacturing biocomposite PBAT blown films with higher stiffness and photo-oxidation resistance was investigated, and the effect of the filler concentration on the melt rheological behavior in non-isothermal elongational flow was investigated.

11 citations

References
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Journal ArticleDOI
27 Jan 2006-Science
TL;DR: The integration of agroenergy crops and biorefinery manufacturing technologies offers the potential for the development of sustainable biopower and biomaterials that will lead to a new manufacturing paradigm.
Abstract: Biomass represents an abundant carbon-neutral renewable resource for the production of bioenergy and biomaterials, and its enhanced use would address several societal needs. Advances in genetics, biotechnology, process chemistry, and engineering are leading to a new manufacturing concept for converting renewable biomass to valuable fuels and products, generally referred to as the biorefinery. The integration of agroenergy crops and biorefinery manufacturing technologies offers the potential for the development of sustainable biopower and biomaterials that will lead to a new manufacturing paradigm.

5,344 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The present contribution aims to provide an overview of key advances in the field of lignin depolymerisation, and protocols and technologies will be discussed as well as critically evaluated in terms of possibilities and potential for further industrial implementation.
Abstract: Research on lignin deconstruction has recently become the center of interest for scientists and companies worldwide, racing towards harvesting fossil-fuel like aromatic compounds which are so durably put together by plants as products of millions of years of evolution. The natural complexity and high stability of lignin bonds (also as an evolutionary adaptation by plants) makes lignin depolymerization a highly challenging task. Several efforts have been directed towards a more profound understanding of the structure and composition of lignin in order to devise pathways to break down the biopolymer into useful compounds. The present contribution aims to provide an overview of key advances in the field of lignin depolymerisation. Protocols and technologies will be discussed as well as critically evaluated in terms of possibilities and potential for further industrial implementation.

799 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a catalytic lignocellulose biorefinery process is presented, valorizing both polysaccharide and lignin components into a handful of chemicals.
Abstract: A catalytic lignocellulose biorefinery process is presented, valorizing both polysaccharide and lignin components into a handful of chemicals. To that end, birch sawdust is efficiently delignified through simultaneous solvolysis and catalytic hydrogenolysis in the presence of a Ru on carbon catalyst (Ru/C) in methanol under a H2 atmosphere at elevated temperature, resulting in a carbohydrate pulp and a lignin oil. The lignin oil yields above 50% of phenolic monomers (mainly 4-n-propylguaiacol and 4-n-propylsyringol) and about 20% of a set of phenolic dimers, relative to the original lignin content, next to phenolic oligomers. The structural features of the lignin monomers, dimers and oligomers were identified by a combination of GC/MS, GPC and 2D HSQC NMR techniques, showing interesting functionalities for forthcoming polymer applications. The effect of several key parameters like temperature, reaction time, wood particle size, reactor loading, catalyst reusability and the influence of solvent and gas were examined in view of the phenolic product yield, the degree of delignification and the sugar retention as a first assessment of the techno-economic feasibility of this biorefinery process. The separated carbohydrate pulp contains up to 92% of the initial polysaccharides, with a nearly quantitative retention of cellulose. Pulp valorization was demonstrated by its chemocatalytic conversion to sugar polyols, showing the multiple use of Ru/C, initially applied in the hydrogenolysis process. Various lignocellulosic substrates, including genetically modified lines of Arabidopsis thaliana, were finally processed in the hydrogenolytic biorefinery, indicating lignocellulose rich in syringyl-type lignin, as found in hardwoods, as the ideal feedstock for the production of chemicals.

619 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
26 Jan 2005-Polymer
TL;DR: In this paper, Clay dispersion of polyurethane nanocomposites was investigated by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy and the presence of clay results in an increase in cell density and a reduction of cell size compared to pure PU foam.

464 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: New biorefinery schemes are being developed, wherein the valorisation of lignin is regarded as one of the primary targets, and includes two distinct strategies to actively prevent structural degradation during biomass fractionation, namely (i) tandem depolymerisation–stabilisation of native lign in, and (ii) active preservation of β-O-4 bonds.
Abstract: During the past decade, a growing scientific community is eagerly seeking for effective lignin valorisation approaches. Thought-out utilisation of the world's most abundant resource of bio-aromatics could substantially augment the profitability of future lignocellulosic biorefineries. From a multitude of complementary valorisation opportunities (e.g., composite materials, dispersants, carbon fibres), harnessing lignin as renewable feedstock for chemicals forms an alluring challenge. However, a root cause that hampers its full exploitation, is an historically grown and deeply ingrained (mis)conception, stating that lignin is merely considered as a subordinate opportunity to derive some extra added-value, without being of primary concern. Unfortunately, this mind-set doesn't reckon with the fact that lignin is prone to irreversible degradation, leading to recalcitrant condensed structures which are difficult to disassemble into a handful of chemicals. In response, new biorefinery schemes are being developed, wherein the valorisation of lignin is regarded as one of the primary targets. At the heart of these alternative biorefineries are fractionation strategies that aim to prevent structural lignin degradation, hereby enabling an efficient and selective lignin-to-aromatic conversion. Of particular interest are fractionation methods that implement active stabilisation mechanisms that prohibit the problem of lignin condensation, without compromising the structural integrity of the carbohydrates. This new and emerging biorefinery paradigm is termed lignin-first, and includes two distinct strategies to actively prevent structural degradation during biomass fractionation, namely (i) tandem depolymerisation–stabilisation of native lignin, and (ii) active preservation of β-O-4 bonds.

448 citations