Preparation of moisture curable polysilazane coatings: Part I. Elucidation of low temperature curing kinetics by FT-IR spectroscopy
TL;DR: In this paper, a diamond ATR adapter was used for FT-IR experiments with perhydropolysilazane and polyorganosilazanes to pre-ceramics at temperatures ranging from room temperature to about 150°C.
About: This article is published in Progress in Organic Coatings.The article was published on 2005-07-01. It has received 152 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Polysilazane & Curing (chemistry).
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TL;DR: The main aspects of the use of silicon polymers for coatings are elucidated in this paper, and the advantages and disadvantages of these materials, and the processing methods developed are discussed.
Abstract: Silicon-based polymers are outstanding materials for coating applications. These compounds have excellent properties, such as strong adhesion to most substrates, and high chemical, thermal and UV resistance. Additionally, they can be converted into ceramic materials (polymer-derived ceramics) by a heat treatment and, in some cases, by chemical reactions or radiation. Hence, ceramic coatings can be obtained after deposition of the polymers by simple lacquer techniques. The properties and composition of polymeric and ceramic coatings can be changed by tailoring the chemical structure of the precursors or by the addition of fillers. This enables the preparation of coatings with a great variety of properties for different applications. In this review paper, the main aspects of the use of silicon polymers for coatings are elucidated. The advantages and disadvantages of these materials, and the processing methods developed are discussed. Finally, a summary of the applications and the prospects for future research are presented.
172 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, an effective and low-cost method for applying polysilazane-based barrier coatings on stainless steel is presented, where two precursors in the system SiCN (ABSE) and SiN (PHPS) have been used for applications of polymeric and ceramic-like coating materials.
Abstract: An effective and low-cost method for applying polysilazane-based barrier coatings on stainless steel is presented. Two different precursors in the system SiCN (ABSE) and SiN (PHPS) have been used for applications of polymeric and ceramic-like coating materials. With corresponding precursor solutions in toluene or ether, steel substrates were coated by means of a simple dip coating technique. The influence of different annealing atmospheres such as ambient air and nitrogen on the resulting coatings was determined. Therefore precursor-based powders and coatings were characterised by TGA, REM, TEM, GDOES and chemical composition measurements. Oxidation tests on coated samples were done in air at temperatures of 800–1000 °C. By measuring the weight gain and the oxidation depth, parabolic oxidation kinetics were determined. The precursor-based coatings protect stainless steel from oxidation up to 1000 °C.
144 citations
TL;DR: The roles of dual-silicon nitride and silicon oxide ligands of the polysilazane (PSZ) inorganic polymer to passivate the surface defects and form a barrier layer coated onto green CsPbBr3 QDs to maintain the high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) and improve the environmental stability are demonstrated.
Abstract: Despite the excellent optical features of fully inorganic cesium lead halide (CsPbX3) perovskite quantum dots (PeQDs), their unstable nature has limited their use in various optoelectronic devices. To mitigate the instability issues of PeQDs, we demonstrate the roles of dual-silicon nitride and silicon oxide ligands of the polysilazane (PSZ) inorganic polymer to passivate the surface defects and form a barrier layer coated onto green CsPbBr3 QDs to maintain the high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) and improve the environmental stability. The mixed SiNx/SiNxOy/SiOy passivated and encapsulated CsPbBr3/PSZ core/shell composite can be prepared by a simple hydrolysis reaction involving the addition of adding PSZ as a precursor and a slight amount of water into a colloidal CsPbBr3 QD solution. The degree of the moisture-induced hydrolysis reaction of PSZ can affect the compositional ratio of SiNx, SiNxOy, and SiOy liganded to the surfaces of the CsPbBr3 QDs to optimize the PLQY and the stability of CsPbB...
115 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a novel environmental barrier coating system for steel consisting of a perhydropolysilazane (PHPS) bond coat and a polysilazanes-based glass/ceramic composite top coat has been developed.
Abstract: A novel environmental barrier coating system for steel consisting of a perhydropolysilazane (PHPS) bond coat and a polysilazane-based glass/ceramic composite top coat has been developed. After stabilising the coating slurries, double layers were applied on mild and stainless steel substrates by the dip-coating technique. Parameters like pre-treatment of the steel substrates, filler systems, particle size of the fillers or coating thickness were varied to optimize the coatings. The thermal treatment was performed in air at temperatures up to 800 °C. Microstructural analysis by SEM and XRD revealed the formation of a coating system consisting of a SiNO bond coat and a ZrO2-filled glass/ceramic top coat. A uniform, well adherent, dense and crack-free coating system with a noteworthy thickness up to 100 μm was achieved. Even after cyclic oxidation tests on coated samples at 700 °C the coating system was still undamaged and no oxidation occurred on the mild steel substrates.
112 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of the precursor system and pyrolysis parameters on the conversion behavior, shrinkage and mechanical properties, including hardness and Young's modulus, of ABSE- and PHPS-based coatings were investigated up to pyrolysisation temperatures of 1000°C in nitrogen and in air by ATR-IR, SEM, profilometry and nanoindentation measurements.
Abstract: Polymer-derived ceramics exhibit a convenient route for the processing of low-dimensional ceramics like coatings or fibres. In previous investigations unfilled and composite coatings have been developed using ammonolysed bis(dichloromethylsilyl)ethane (ABSE) or perhydropolysilazane (PHPS) as precursors and BN, ZrO2 or glass particles as filler materials. The coating systems provide excellent corrosion and oxidation resistance to underlying metals. This paper reports on the effect of the precursor system and the pyrolysis parameters on the conversion behaviour, shrinkage and mechanical properties, including hardness and Young's modulus, of ABSE- and PHPS-based coatings. Therefore the crosslinking and pyrolysis behaviour as well as the mechanical properties of the coatings were investigated up to pyrolysis temperatures of 1000 °C in nitrogen and in air by ATR-IR, SEM, profilometry and nanoindentation measurements. The coatings pyrolysed at 1000 °C in nitrogen, have hardness values of 13 GPa and Young's moduli up to 155 GPa.
102 citations
References
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25 Jan 1989
TL;DR: A.R.Bassindale and P.G.Taylor as mentioned in this paper discussed the photochemistry of organosilicon compounds, A.R., B.B.Birkofer and O.Ojima.
Abstract: Historical overview and comparison of silicon with carbon, J.Y.Corey theoretical aspects of organosilicon compounds, Y.Apeloig structural chemistry of organic silicon compounds, W.S.Sheldrick dynamic stereochemistry at silicon, R.J.P.Corriu et al thermochemistry, R.Walsh analysis of organosilicon compounds, T.R.C.Crompton positive and negative ion chemistry of silicon-containing molecules in the gas phase, H.Schwarz NMR spectroscopy of organosilicon compounds, E.A.Williams photoelectron spectra of silicon compounds, H.Bock and B.Solouki general synthetic pathways to organosilicon compounds, L.Birkofer and O.Stuhl recent synthetic application of organosilanes, G.L.Larson acidity, basicity and complex formation of organosilicon compounds, A.R.Bassindale and P.G.Taylor reaction mechanisms of nucleophilic attacks at silicon, A.R.Bassindale and P.G.Taylor activating and directive effects of silicon, A.R.Bassindale and P.G.Taylor the photochemistry of organosilicon compounds, A.G.Brook trivalent silyl ions, J.B.Lambert and W.J.Schulz Jr multiple bonds to silicon, G.Raabe and J.Michl bio-organic chemistry, R.Tacke and J.Linoh polysilanes, R.West hypervalent silicon compounds, R.J.P.Corriu and J.C.Young siloxane polymers and copolymers, T.C.Kendrick organosilicon derivatives of phosphorus arsenic, antimony and bismuth, D.A.Armitage chemistry of compounds with silicon-sulphur, silicon-selenium and silicon-tellurium bonds, D.A.Armitage transition-metal silyl derivatives, T.D.Tilley the hydrosilylation reaction, I.Ojima.
2,254 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the synthesis, processing and properties of non-oxide silicon-based ceramic materials derived from silazanes and polysilazanes are discussed and a comprehensive review of the preparation of precursor compounds containing Si-N-Si units, including commercially available materials, is provided.
Abstract: This review highlights the synthesis, processing and properties of non-oxide silicon-based ceramic materials derived from silazanes and polysilazanes. A comprehensive summary of the preparation of precursor compounds containing Si–N–Si units, including commercially available materials, is followed by the discussion of various processing techniques. The fabrication of dense bulk ceramics in the Si/E/C/N systems is reported which involves cross-linking of the polymeric ceramic precursor followed by a polymer-to-ceramic transformation step. The cross-linked precursor can be milled, compacted and pyrolysed to form dense, additive-free, amorphous silicon carbonitride monoliths or polycrystalline composites which withstand oxidation in air at 1600°C. Furthermore, an overview is given on the fabrication of silazane derived powders and coatings involving chemical vapour deposition (CVD) methods utilising volatile precursors. Fibre spinning and fibre properties, as well as other processing techniques like infiltration of preforms, the preparation of porous ceramics and joining are briefly discussed. A state of the art of the mechanical properties of polymer derived amorphous Si/C/N and Si/B/C/N ceramics with respect to hardness as well as high-temperature creep and oxidation resistance is summarised. Finally, some important aspects of industrial applications will be considered. The review is in part based on our own work related to the polysilazane derived ceramics, but will also cover a comprehensive state of the art including the published literature in this field.
427 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, nano-sized silica and alumina particles were used as fillers for polymer reinforcement and scratch resistant coatings, and the formation of covalent Si(Al)-O-Si-C bonds between functional groups from silane and OH groups was demonstrated by means of FTIR and MAS NMR spectroscopy.
Abstract: Nano-sized silica and alumina particles were used as fillers for polymer reinforcement and scratch resistant coatings. For favorable embedding within the polyacrylate matrix the surface of the fillers was chemically modified by reaction with methacroyloxy (propyl)-trimethoxysilane. The formation of covalent Si(Al)-O-Si-C bonds between functional groups from silane and OH groups on silica and alumina was demonstrated by means of FTIR and MAS NMR spectroscopy. The reactivity of the various surface silanols towards the coupling agent and the yield of surface Si-O-Si bonds were estimated by 29 Si CP MAS NMR data.
147 citations
127 citations
TL;DR: By in situ grafting methacroyloxy functionalized-silanes on commercial nanoglobular silica polymerization-active silico-organic nanoparticles were prepared as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: By in situ grafting methacroyloxy functionalized-silanes on commercial nanoglobular silica polymerization-active silico-organic nanoparticles were prepared. In radiation (UV, EB) induced polymerization reactions these modified nanoparticles form covalent crosslinks to acrylate substrates, thus efficiently modifying their viscoelastic properties. The transparent nanopowder composites can be used as scratch resistants coatings. The composite films show excellent adhesion on PC and PVC and good abrasion resistance after the Taber abraser test with haze values of about 6% after 500 cycles.
97 citations