Presence and management of the invasive plant Gypsophila paniculata (baby’s breath) on sand dunes alters arthropod abundance and community structure
TL;DR: There was no strong effect of management on arthropod communities, though a canonical analysis of principal coordinates indicated that reference and invaded plots were characterized by different families of arthropods.
About: This article is published in Biological Conservation.The article was published on 2013-05-01. It has received 25 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Gypsophila paniculata & Biodiversity.
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TL;DR: It is found that grassland restorations significantly improved both pollinator abundance and richness as compared to degraded grasslands, indicating a near full recovery of pollinator communities.
Abstract: Natural grasslands are being destroyed at an alarming pace, but land managers are actively working to restore these habitats Many of these efforts focus on restoring plant diversity but often do not consider responses of higher trophic levels such as pollinators, which provide crucial ecosystems services We conducted a meta-analysis of 25 large-scale studies to examine the effects of grassland restorations on pollinator communities Specifically, we compared pollinator communities in restored, degraded and remnant grasslands to determine if restorations improve pollinators from a degraded state and if they fully restore them to remnant values We found that grassland restorations significantly improved both pollinator abundance and richness as compared to degraded grasslands Additionally, pollinator abundance and richness did not significantly differ from remnant sites, indicating a near full recovery Sub-analyses found that factors such as pollinator taxa, restoration age, and mode of land degradation all influenced the magnitude of recovery In particular, lepidopteran abundance increased more than bee abundance in these restorations Older restorations (> 10 years) showed the strongest improvements in pollinator communities This research highlights the importance of grassland restorations in supporting not only plant diversity but also pollinators
22 citations
Cites background from "Presence and management of the inva..."
...For example, Emery and Doran (2013) found that an invasive forb, baby’s breath (Gypsophila paniculata), significantly increased pollinator abundances in a sand dune grassland, and restoration efforts had little effect on pollinator communities....
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...For example Emery and Doran (2013) removed an invasive forb from their grassland sites, which left floral resources much lower than in invaded sites....
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TL;DR: Examination of vegetation restoration and management on the surface-active arthropod community across a spectrum of 22 woodland sites in the greater metropolitan Chicago region suggests that restoration management targeted at the vegetation also restores the arthropode community in woodlands to a composition that has fewer non-native arthropods.
16 citations
Cites background from "Presence and management of the inva..."
...Other studies have found that arthropod diversity and community composition are affected by particular restoration/management procedures, including prescribed burning (Morris, 1975; Hanula and Wade, 2003), invasive-plant removal (Gratton and Denno, 2005; Emery and Doran, 2013), and replanting native vegetation (Samways et al....
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...…composition are affected by particular restoration/management procedures, including prescribed burning (Morris, 1975; Hanula and Wade, 2003), invasive-plant removal (Gratton and Denno, 2005; Emery and Doran, 2013), and replanting native vegetation (Samways et al., 1996; Magoba and Samways, 2012)....
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TL;DR: Examination of herbaceous vertical vegetation structure and diversity in plants, arthropods, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in three Great Lakes sand dune chronosequences found vertical structure of vegetation can be important in explaining richness and abundance in other trophic levels across a successional gradient.
Abstract: While ecologists have studied succession for well over 100 y, there has been little characterization of diversity patterns in nonplant organisms or their interactions across successional gradients. In this study we examined herbaceous vertical vegetation structure and diversity in plants, arthropods, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in three Great Lakes sand dune chronosequences. Plant species richness increased linearly across the primary successional gradients at the three sampling sites, while plant vertical structure remained constant. Total arthropod abundance and species richness were positively associated with plant vertical cover, while AMF spore abundance and morpho-type richness were positively associated with plant species richness. Carnivore and herbivore functional groups of arthropods responded differently to plant vertical cover and species richness. Diversity across early primary successional gradients does not consistently increase among different trophic levels, and the ve...
11 citations
Cites background or result from "Presence and management of the inva..."
...These contrasting results may be due to the identity of the dominant vegetation in each study (e.g., Emery and Doran, 2013)....
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...…to some other attribute of the plant community, such as chemical complexity (Randlkofer et al., 2010), genetic diversity (Crawford and Rudgers, 2013), or the presence of one particular plant species (Koricheva et al., 2000; Emery and Doran, 2013) rather than physical structure or species diversity....
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TL;DR: The results indicate that considerable faunistic impoverishment of thermophilic dune specialist species can be expected in the future if R. rugosa is allowed to continue its invasion across the dune habitat.
Abstract: We compared the arthropod fauna of Rosa rugosa patches to the adjacent native yellow dune vegetation by pitfall trapping in the National Park Thy at the Danish North Sea coast. R. rugosa changes the vegetation from a dune grassland (dominated by Ammophila arenaria) poor in flowering plants to a low monospecific shrubbery rich in large flowers. We predicted faunal responses according to the changes in resource availability and environmental conditions promoted by this particular invasive plant: increased populations of flower-visiting insects and species of the phytophagous and detritivorous guilds, and a decrease in thermophilic predator species. A matched-pairs sampling design allowed us to isolate the effects of the vegetation change from those of potentially confounding landscape gradients. The arthropod communities were significantly affected by the vegetation change (redundancy analysis). Six taxa (Opiliones, Lepidoptera larvae, Hymenoptera, Diptera, Tipulidae, Geotrupidae) increased in abundance, and three (Araneae, Staphylinidae, Auchenorrhyncha) were reduced in the rose patches. The main exception from predictions was the lack of effects on large detritivores (isopods, diplopods). Overall, total catches were increased by 45 % in the rose patches, primarily caused by an increase in the abundance of Diptera. Arachnids and carabid beetles were analyzed at species level: the assemblage structure was significantly affected in arachnids but not in carabids. Arachnids showed reduced species richness and diversity and increased dominance in the rose patches, due to reductions among xerotherm species. The results indicate that considerable faunistic impoverishment of thermophilic dune specialist species can be expected in the future if R. rugosa is allowed to continue its invasion across the dune habitat.
11 citations
Cites background from "Presence and management of the inva..."
...For example, Emery and Doran (2013) found all changes in abundance and richness of particular taxa and functional groups to be positive....
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TL;DR: Overall this indicates that this invasion had the effect of homogenizing local communities, while landscape-level heterogeneity was unaffected, which indicates that reduced heterogeneity, particularly belowground, could have effects on plant community dynamics, since plant-soil interactions can contribute to continued invasion.
10 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, a non-parametric method for multivariate analysis of variance, based on sums of squared distances, is proposed. But it is not suitable for most ecological multivariate data sets.
Abstract: Hypothesis-testing methods for multivariate data are needed to make rigorous probability statements about the effects of factors and their interactions in experiments. Analysis of variance is particularly powerful for the analysis of univariate data. The traditional multivariate analogues, however, are too stringent in their assumptions for most ecological multivariate data sets. Non-parametric methods, based on permutation tests, are preferable. This paper describes a new non-parametric method for multivariate analysis of variance, after McArdle and Anderson (in press). It is given here, with several applications in ecology, to provide an alternative and perhaps more intuitive formulation for ANOVA (based on sums of squared distances) to complement the description pro- vided by McArdle and Anderson (in press) for the analysis of any linear model. It is an improvement on previous non-parametric methods because it allows a direct additive partitioning of variation for complex models. It does this while maintaining the flexibility and lack of formal assumptions of other non-parametric methods. The test- statistic is a multivariate analogue to Fisher's F-ratio and is calculated directly from any symmetric distance or dissimilarity matrix. P-values are then obtained using permutations. Some examples of the method are given for tests involving several factors, including factorial and hierarchical (nested) designs and tests of interactions.
12,328 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a global meta-analysis of 199 articles reporting 1041 field studies that in total describe the impacts of 135 alien plant taxa on resident species, communities and ecosystems.
Abstract: Biological invasions cause ecological and economic impacts across the globe. However, it is unclear whether there are strong patterns in terms of their major effects, how the vulnerability of different ecosystems varies and which ecosystem services are at greatest risk. We present a global meta-analysis of 199 articles reporting 1041 field studies that in total describe the impacts of 135 alien plant taxa on resident species, communities and ecosystems. Across studies, alien plants had a significant effect in 11 of 24 different types of impact assessed. The magnitude and direction of the impact varied both within and between different types of impact. On average, abundance and diversity of the resident species decreased in invaded sites, whereas primary production and several ecosystem processes were enhanced. While alien N-fixing species had greater impacts on N-cycling variables, they did not consistently affect other impact types. The magnitude of the impacts was not significantly different between island and mainland ecosystems. Overall, alien species impacts are heterogeneous and not unidirectional even within particular impact types. Our analysis also reveals that by the time changes in nutrient cycling are detected, major impacts on plant species and communities are likely to have already occurred.
2,293 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed the use of principal coordinate analysis (PCO) followed by either a canonical discriminant analysis (CDA) or a canonical correlation analysis (CCorA) to provide a flexible and meaningful constrained ordination of ecological species abundance data.
Abstract: A flexible method is needed for constrained ordination on the basis of any distance or dissimilarity measure, which will display a cloud of multivariate points by reference to a specific a priori hypothesis. We suggest the use of principal coordinate analysis (PCO, metric MDS), followed by either a canonical discriminant analysis (CDA, when the hypothesis concerns groups) or a canonical correlation analysis (CCorA, when the hypothesis concerns relationships with environmental or other variables), to provide a flexible and meaningful constrained ordination of ecological species abundance data. Called “CAP” for “Canonical Analysis of Principal coordinates,” this method will allow a constrained ordination to be done on the basis of any distance or dissimilarity measure. We describe CAP in detail, including how it can uncover patterns that are masked in an unconstrained MDS ordination. Canonical tests using permutations are also given, and we show how the method can be used (1) to place a new observation into...
2,157 citations
TL;DR: It is found that, while numerous studies have examined the impacts of invasions on plant diversity and composition, less than 5% test whether these effects arise through competition, allelopathy, alteration of ecosystem variables or other processes.
Abstract: Although the impacts of exotic plant invasions on community structure and ecosystem processes are well appreciated, the pathways or mechanisms that underlie these impacts are poorly understood. Better exploration of these processes is essential to understanding why exotic plants impact only certain systems, and why only some invaders have large impacts. Here, we review over 150 studies to evaluate the mechanisms underlying the impacts of exotic plant invasions on plant and animal community structure, nutrient cycling, hydrology and fire regimes. We find that, while numerous studies have examined the impacts of invasions on plant diversity and composition, less than 5% test whether these effects arise through competition, allelopathy, alteration of ecosystem variables or other processes. Nonetheless, competition was often hypothesized, and nearly all studies competing native and alien plants against each other found strong competitive effects of exotic species. In contrast to studies of the impacts on plant community structure and higher trophic levels, research examining impacts on nitrogen cycling, hydrology and fire regimes is generally highly mechanistic, often motivated by specific invader traits. We encourage future studies that link impacts on community structure to ecosystem processes, and relate the controls over invasibility to the controls over impact.
1,634 citations