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Principles and Procedures of Plant Breeding: Biotechnological and Conventional Approaches
01 Jan 2002-
TL;DR: The Mendelian Consequences of Planned Hybridization in Self-pollinated Crops and the Analysis of Genotype-Environment Interactions are studied.
Abstract: Preface / Introduction / Reproduction in Crop Plants / Plant Genetic Resources-Origin, Conservation and Utilization / Genetic Basis and Application of Selection in Self-pollinated Crops / Mendelian Consequences of Planned Hybridization in Self-pollinated Crops / Quantitative Inheritance / The Analysis of Genotype-Environment Interactions / Application of Biometrical Genetics in Plant Breeding / Pedigree Method / Bulk Population Breeding Method / The Single Seed Descent Method / Backcross Method / Fertility Regulating Mechanisms / Genetic Basis of Hetrosis / Breeding for Hetrosis / Genetic Structure of Cross-pollinated Crops / Population Improvement in Cross Pollinated Crops / Population Improvement Methods / Synthetic and Composite Varieties / Breeding for Asexually Propagated Crops / Breeding for Resistance to Diseases and Insect Pests / Mutation Breeding / Polyploidy in Plant Breeding / Tissue Culture in Crop Improvement / Molecular Approaches to Crop Improvement / Genetic Transformation and Production of Transgenic Plants / Biometry in Relation to Molecular Biology in Plant Breeding/ Field Plot Techniques in Plant Breeding / Plant Breeder's Rights, Release and Multiplication of Varieties/ Glossary / Index
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TL;DR: It is demonstrated that speed breeding in fully enclosed, controlled-environment growth chambers can accelerate plant development for research purposes, including phenotyping of adult plant traits, mutant studies and transformation.
Abstract: The growing human population and a changing environment have raised significant concern for global food security, with the current improvement rate of several important crops inadequate to meet future demand1. This slow improvement rate is attributed partly to the long generation times of crop plants. Here, we present a method called ‘speed breeding’, which greatly shortens generation time and accelerates breeding and research programmes. Speed breeding can be used to achieve up to 6 generations per year for spring wheat (Triticum aestivum), durum wheat (T. durum), barley (Hordeum vulgare), chickpea (Cicer arietinum) and pea (Pisum sativum), and 4 generations for canola (Brassica napus), instead of 2–3 under normal glasshouse conditions. We demonstrate that speed breeding in fully enclosed, controlled-environment growth chambers can accelerate plant development for research purposes, including phenotyping of adult plant traits, mutant studies and transformation. The use of supplemental lighting in a glasshouse environment allows rapid generation cycling through single seed descent (SSD) and potential for adaptation to larger-scale crop improvement programs. Cost saving through light-emitting diode (LED) supplemental lighting is also outlined. We envisage great potential for integrating speed breeding with other modern crop breeding technologies, including high-throughput genotyping, genome editing and genomic selection, accelerating the rate of crop improvement.
639 citations
Cites background from "Principles and Procedures of Plant ..."
...facilitate development of homozygous lines following a cross [7]....
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01 Jan 2004
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors focus on the role of agriculture and fishing in the European level in the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) and Common Fisheries Policy (CFP) and show that agriculture dominates in terms of direct contribution to GDP and numbers of people engaged in it, as well as accounting for the largest amount of public support expenditure.
Abstract: Agriculture and fishing are the primary source of almost all our food, as well as of many other products, so remain vital activities even though their share in the economy is small and in continuous decline. Partly for this reason public policy in these areas is almost entirely integrated at European level in the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) and Common Fisheries Policy (CFP). Forestry policies are also heavily affected by EU-level decision-making. As agriculture dominates in terms of direct contribution to GDP and numbers of people engaged in it, as well as accounting for the largest amount of public support expenditure, it is agriculture that will receive the greatest attention here.
468 citations
TL;DR: Cisgenesis is an improvement for gene transfer from crossable plants: it is a one-step gene transfer without linkage drag of other genes, whereas induced translocation and introgression breeding are multiple step gene transfer methods with linkage drag.
186 citations
TL;DR: This work suggests another potentially beneficial and perhaps less controversial strategy that modern plant biotechnology may adopt, which broadens earlier approaches to reverse breeding and aims to furnish crops with lost properties that their ancestors once possessed in order to tolerate adverse environmental conditions.
174 citations
TL;DR: The availability of CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing tools for plant biotechnologists to target desired genes and its vast applications in crop breeding research are reviewed.
Abstract: Increasing agricultural productivity via modern breeding strategies is of prime interest to attain global food security. An array of biotic and abiotic stressors affect productivity as well as the quality of crop plants, and it is a primary need to develop crops with improved adaptability, high productivity, and resilience against these biotic/abiotic stressors. Conventional approaches to genetic engineering involve tedious procedures. State-of-the-art OMICS approaches reinforced with next-generation sequencing and the latest developments in genome editing tools have paved the way for targeted mutagenesis, opening new horizons for precise genome engineering. Various genome editing tools such as transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs), and meganucleases (MNs) have enabled plant scientists to manipulate desired genes in crop plants. However, these approaches are expensive and laborious involving complex procedures for successful editing. Conversely, CRISPR/Cas9 is an entrancing, easy-to-design, cost-effective, and versatile tool for precise and efficient plant genome editing. In recent years, the CRISPR/Cas9 system has emerged as a powerful tool for targeted mutagenesis, including single base substitution, multiplex gene editing, gene knockouts, and regulation of gene transcription in plants. Thus, CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing has demonstrated great potential for crop improvement but regulation of genome-edited crops is still in its infancy. Here, we extensively reviewed the availability of CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing tools for plant biotechnologists to target desired genes and its vast applications in crop breeding research.
123 citations
Cites background from "Principles and Procedures of Plant ..."
...Traditional breeding has successfully developed many new cultivars, but these approaches need rigorous and continuous selection for many generations [256]....
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