Private agri-food standards: Implications for food policy and the agri-food system
TL;DR: A brief introduction to the evolution and nature of private food safety and quality standards, highlighting the resultant impacts on the structure and modus operandi of supply chains for agricultural and food products and the challenges posed for processes of agricultural development is provided in this paper.
About: This article is published in Food Policy.The article was published on 2005-06-01. It has received 686 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Food policy & Food systems.
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09 Sep 2011TL;DR: In this paper, the authors introduce Alternative Food Networks, Fair Trade Circuits and the Politics of Food, and the shifting cultural politics of Fair Trade. But they do not discuss the role of food re-localization in the transition from transparent to virtual living.
Abstract: Part 1 1 Introducing Alternative Food Networks, Fair Trade Circuits and The Politics Of Food 2 Coming Home To Eat? Reflexive Localism and Just Food 3 Bridging Production and Consumption: Alternative Food Networks as Shared Knowledge Practice Part 2: Alternative Food Provisioning In Britain And Western Europe: Introduction And Antecedents 4 Rural Europe Redux? The New Territoriality and Rural Development 5 Into the Mainstream: The Politics Of Quality 6 Changing Paradigms? Food Security Debates and Grassroots Food Re-Localization Movements in Britain and Western Europe Part 3: Alternative Food Movements In The US: Formative Years, Mainstreaming, Civic Governance And Knowing Sustainability 7 Broken Promises? US Alternative Food Movements, Origins and Debates 8 Resisting Mainstreaming, Maintaining Alterity 9 Sustainable Agriculture as Knowing and Growing Part 4: Globalizing Alternative Food Movements: The Cultural Material Politics of Fair Trade 10 The Shifting Cultural Politics of Fair Trade: From Transparent to Virtual Livelihoods 11 The Price and Practices of Quality: The Shifting Materialities of Fair Trade Networks 12 The Practices and Politics of a Globalized AFN: Whither the Possibilities and Problematics of Fair Trade? 13 Concluding Thoughts
489 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors focus on how the field of operations management can provide fresh perspectives and insights in addressing the challenges of product safety and security in the global supply chain and examine the product safety issues and challenges that arise in five industries that are increasingly globalizing their supply chains.
458 citations
Cites background or methods from "Private agri-food standards: Implic..."
...Secondly, food supply chains tend to be long, global and highly interconnected, leading to greater risk exposure (Henson and Reardon, 2005; Roth et al., 2008; Trienekens and Zuurbier, 2008; Whipple et al., 2009)....
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...One of the most common tools serving this purpose for food products is Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) (Akkerman et al., 2010; Aruoma, 2006; Creedle, 2007; Henson and Reardon, 2005; Trienekens and Zuurbier, 2008)....
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...…and McKenzie, 2001; Whipple et al., 2009), they can damage a firm’s reputation (Hornibrook et al., 2005; Thomsen and McKenzie, 2001; Whipple et al., 2009), and ultimately affect the consumers’ perception of an entire product category (Henson and Reardon, 2005; Trienekens and Zuurbier, 2008)....
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..., 2009), and ultimately affect the consumers’ perception of an entire product category (Henson and Reardon, 2005; Trienekens and Zuurbier, 2008)....
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...Henson and Reardon (2005) argue that, in addition to ensuring traceability and safety, private standards can also be used as a form of standards are nothing more than a tariff because the cost of implementation and accreditation is a major barrier, particularly for small companies or for those…...
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TL;DR: A global value chain approach is used to explain the relationship between value chain structure and agrifood safety and quality standards and to discuss the challenges and possibilities this entails for the upgrading of smallholders.
Abstract: The rise of private food standards has brought forth an ongoing debate about whether they work as a barrier for smallholders and hinder poverty reduction in developing countries. This paper uses a global value chain approach to explain the relationship between value chain structure and agrifood safety and quality standards and to discuss the challenges and possibilities this entails for the upgrading of smallholders. It maps four potential value chain scenarios depending on the degree of concentration in the markets for agrifood supply (farmers and manufacturers) and demand (supermarkets and other food retailers) and discusses the impact of lead firms and key intermediaries on smallholders in different chain situations. Each scenario is illustrated with case examples. Theoretical and policy issues are discussed, along with proposals for future research in terms of industry structure, private governance, and sustainable value chains.
412 citations
Cites background from "Private agri-food standards: Implic..."
...T proliferation of food standards, particularly private safety and quality standards, has brought forth an ongoing debate about whether they work as a barrier for smallholders in developing countries and hinder poverty reduction through agrifood exports (1, 2)....
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TL;DR: There is a need to appreciate the close inter-relationships between public regulations and private standards and the continuing ways in which private standards evolve.
Abstract: The increasing prevalence of private standards governing food safety, food quality and environmental and social impacts of agri-food systems has raised concerns about the effects on developing countries, as well as the governance of agri-food value chains more broadly. It is argued that current debates have been 'clouded' by a failure to recognise the diversity of private standards in terms of their institutional form, who develops and adopts these standards and why. In particular, there is a need to appreciate the close inter-relationships between public regulations and private standards and the continuing ways in which private standards evolve.
368 citations
Cites background from "Private agri-food standards: Implic..."
...…and food products extend beyond national boundaries, facilitated in part by new food, communications and transportation technologies and a policy environment that encourages more liberal international trade (Nadvi and Wältring, 2003; OECD, 2004; Fulponi, 2005; Henson and Reardon, 2005)....
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...Increasingly, supply chains for agricultural and food products extend beyond national boundaries, facilitated in part by new food, communications and transportation technologies and a policy environment that encourages more liberal international trade (Nadvi and Wältring, 2003; OECD, 2004; Fulponi, 2005; Henson and Reardon, 2005)....
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...Second, there has been a heated debate about the ‘rights and wrongs’ of private standards (see for example Henson and Reardon, 2005; World Bank, 2005; Maertens and Swinnen, 2009)....
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...…emerged as a response to regulatory requirements (as in the case of the ‘due diligence’ defence in the UK) and/or to manage regulatory compliance costs, or conversely to ‘plug’ gaps in regulatory controls (Henson and Reardon, 2005), threats to brand image can arise from a variety of sources....
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...These different possible roles for private standards are discussed in Henson and Reardon (2005)....
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors concluded that small farm development is not only desirable for poverty reduction, but also feasible, even in changing circumstances and particularly those of more concentrated supply chains with more demanding buyers, and that the measures to stimulate the rural non-farm economy and provide jobs for those leaving farming are largely the same as those for agricultural development as well.
319 citations
References
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01 Jan 1992
TL;DR: In this article, Scott Lash and Brian Wynne describe living on the VOLCANO of CIVILIZATION -the Contours of the RISK SOCIETY and the Politics of Knowledge in the Risk Society.
Abstract: Introduction - Scott Lash and Brian Wynne PART ONE: LIVING ON THE VOLCANO OF CIVILIZATION - THE CONTOURS OF THE RISK SOCIETY On the Logic of Wealth Distribution and Risk Distribution The Politics of Knowledge in the Risk Society PART TWO: THE INDIVIDUALIZATION OF SOCIAL INEQUALITY - LIFE-FORMS AND THE DEMISE OF TRADITION Beyond Status and Class? 'I am I' Gendered Space and the Conflict Inside and Outside the Family Individualization, Institutionalization and Standardization Life Situations and Biographical Patterns De-Standardization of Labour PART THREE: REFLEXIVE MODERNIZATION: ON THE GENERALIZATION OF SCIENCE AND POLITICS Science Beyond Truth and Enlightenment? Opening up the Political
12,946 citations
3,022 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe the traditional retail and wholesale system in the midst of which emerged modern food retailing and its procurement system, and discuss the determinants of and patterns in the diffusion of supermarkets in the three regions.
Abstract: Supermarkets are traditionally viewed by development economists, policymakers, and practitioners as the rich world’s place to shop. The three regions discussed here have the great majority of the poor on the planet. But supermarkets are no longer just niche players for rich consumers in the capital cities of the countries in these regions. The rapid rise of supermarkets in these regions in the past 5-10 years has transformed agrifood markets – at different rates and depths across regions and countries. Many of those transformations present great challenges – even exclusion – for small farms, processing and distribution firms, but also potentially great opportunities. Development models, policy and programs need to adapt to this radical change.This brief article describes this transformation of agrifood systems in Africa, Asia (excluding Japan), and Latin America. First, we describe the traditional retail and wholesale system in the midst of which emerged modern food retailing and its procurement system. Second, we discuss the determinants of and patterns in the diffusion of supermarkets in the three regions. Third, we discuss the evolution of procurement systems of those supermarkets, and consequences for agrifood systems. At the end, we hint at emerging implications for farms and firms in the region.
1,337 citations
Posted Content•
TL;DR: The authors of as discussed by the authors have shown that supermarkets are now dominant players in most of the agrifood economy of Latin America, having moved from a rough-estimate population-weighted average of 10-20% in 1990 to 50-60% of the retail sector in 2000.
Abstract: Why are we writing, in the same article, about ‘supermarkets’ and ‘development’ in a region where 39% of the people are in poverty and 13% in absolute poverty (Echeverria, 1998)? Are not supermarkets niche players for rich consumers in the capital cities of the region? The answer is ‘no’; that traditional image is now a distant memory of the preliberalisation period before the 1990s. This theme issue of Development Policy Review shows that supermarkets are now dominant players in most of the agrifood economy of Latin America, having moved from a rough -estimate population-weighted average of 10-20% in 1990 to 50-60% of the retail sector in 2000. In one globalising decade, Latin American retailing made the change which took the US retail sector 50 years. The supermarkets, together with large-scale food manufacturers, have deeply transformed agrifood markets in the region. Many of those changes spell great challenges – even exclusion – for small farms and processing and distribution firms, but also potentially great opportunities. Development policy and programmes need to adapt to this radical change. The above findings are derived from the articles in this theme issue, the key points of which are compared in this overview article, and set in the context of background and other recent case literature. Earlier versions of the articles 1 were presented at the International Workshop ‘Concentration in the Processing and Retail Segments of the Agrifood System in Latin America, and its Effects on the Rural Poor’, held in November 2000 in Santiago, Chile, organised by the International Network for Research on Farming Systems (RIMISP) and funded by the Department for International Development (DFID) of the United Kingdom. The nine articles are on Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Costa Rica, and Mexico. They focus on the rise of supermarkets and large-scale food manufacturers over the 1990s to the present, and illustrate the effects of their rise on the dairy products and fresh fruit and vegetables (FFV) sectors. Dairy and FFV were chosen because of the interest development programmes have for these products: they are seen as good prospects for sma ll farms and firms because of their higher value-added and income-generation potential and their relative lack of economies of scale (compared with basic grains and
834 citations
TL;DR: The authors of as mentioned in this paper have shown that supermarkets are now dominant players in most of the agrifood economy of Latin America, having moved from a rough-estimate population-weighted average of 10-20% in 1990 to 50-60% of the retail sector in 2000.
Abstract: Why are we writing, in the same article, about ‘supermarkets’ and ‘development’ in a region where 39% of the people are in poverty and 13% in absolute poverty (Echeverria, 1998)? Are not supermarkets niche players for rich consumers in the capital cities of the region? The answer is ‘no’; that traditional image is now a distant memory of the preliberalisation period before the 1990s. This theme issue of Development Policy Review shows that supermarkets are now dominant players in most of the agrifood economy of Latin America, having moved from a rough -estimate population-weighted average of 10-20% in 1990 to 50-60% of the retail sector in 2000. In one globalising decade, Latin American retailing made the change which took the US retail sector 50 years. The supermarkets, together with large-scale food manufacturers, have deeply transformed agrifood markets in the region. Many of those changes spell great challenges – even exclusion – for small farms and processing and distribution firms, but also potentially great opportunities. Development policy and programmes need to adapt to this radical change. The above findings are derived from the articles in this theme issue, the key points of which are compared in this overview article, and set in the context of background and other recent case literature. Earlier versions of the articles 1 were presented at the International Workshop ‘Concentration in the Processing and Retail Segments of the Agrifood System in Latin America, and its Effects on the Rural Poor’, held in November 2000 in Santiago, Chile, organised by the International Network for Research on Farming Systems (RIMISP) and funded by the Department for International Development (DFID) of the United Kingdom. The nine articles are on Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Costa Rica, and Mexico. They focus on the rise of supermarkets and large-scale food manufacturers over the 1990s to the present, and illustrate the effects of their rise on the dairy products and fresh fruit and vegetables (FFV) sectors. Dairy and FFV were chosen because of the interest development programmes have for these products: they are seen as good prospects for sma ll farms and firms because of their higher value-added and income-generation potential and their relative lack of economies of scale (compared with basic grains and
702 citations