Probability distribution of drug-resistant mutants in unselected populations of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
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TLDR
The fluctuation test shows that Mycobacterium tuberculosis mutates to resistance to isoniazid, streptomycin, ethambutol and rifampin spontaneously and at random.Abstract:
The fluctuation test shows that Mycobacterium tuberculosis mutates to resistance to isoniazid, streptomycin, ethambutol and rifampin spontaneously and at random. The average mutation rates for the drugs, in the same order, were calculated to be 2.56 × 10−8, 2.95 × 10−8, 10−7, and 2.25 × 10−10 mutation per bacterium per generation. The relatively high mutation rate to ethambutol resistance and the low mutation rate to rifampin resistance were confirmed by analyzing the increase in the proportion of mutants with time in a growing population of the tubercle bacilli. The highest proportions of mutants to be expected in unselected populations of the tubercle bacilli were calculated from the results of fluctuation tests.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
American Thoracic Society/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/Infectious Diseases Society of America: treatment of tuberculosis.
Henry M. Blumberg,William J. Burman,Richard E. Chaisson,Charles L. Daley,Sue C. Etkind,Lloyd N. Friedman,Paula Fujiwara,M. Grzemska,Philip C. Hopewell,Michael D. Iseman,Robert M. Jasmer,Venkatarama Koppaka,Richard Menzies,Richard J. O'Brien,Randall Reves,Lee B. Reichman,Patricia M Simone,Jeffrey R. Starke,Andrew Vernon +18 more
TL;DR: Radiographic evidence of Prior Tuberculosis: Inactive Tuber tuberculosis and Culture-negative Pulmonary Tuber TB in Adults is presented.
Journal ArticleDOI
Official American Thoracic Society/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/Infectious Diseases Society of America Clinical Practice Guidelines: Treatment of Drug-Susceptible Tuberculosis.
Payam Nahid,Susan E. Dorman,Narges Alipanah,Pennan M. Barry,Jan Brozek,Adithya Cattamanchi,Lelia H. Chaisson,Richard E. Chaisson,Charles L. Daley,M. Grzemska,Julie Higashi,Christine S Ho,Philip C. Hopewell,Salmaan Keshavjee,Christian Lienhardt,Richard Menzies,Cynthia Merrifield,Masahiro Narita,Rick O'Brien,Charles A. Peloquin,Ann Raftery,Jussi J. Saukkonen,H. Simon Schaaf,Giovanni Sotgiu,Jeffrey R. Starke,Giovanni Battista Migliori,Andrew Vernon +26 more
TL;DR: This guideline provides recommendations on the clinical and public health management of tuberculosis in children and adults in settings in which mycobacterial cultures, molecular and phenotypic drug susceptibility tests, and radiographic studies, among other diagnostic tools, are available on a routine basis.
Journal ArticleDOI
Multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis: a threat to global control of tuberculosis
Neel R. Gandhi,Paul Nunn,Keertan Dheda,Keertan Dheda,H. Simon Schaaf,Matteo Zignol,Dick van Soolingen,Paul A. Jensen,Jaime Bayona +8 more
TL;DR: The emergence of multidrug resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) tuberculosis during the past decade threatens to undermine the progress made to reduce global incidence of drug-susceptible tuberculosis as mentioned in this paper.
Tuberculosis 2 Multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis: a threat to global control of tuberculosis
Stop Tb,Neel R. Gandhi,Paul Nunn,Keertan Dheda,H. Simon Schaaf,Matteo Zignol,Dick van Soolingen,Paul A. Jensen,Jaime Bayona +8 more
TL;DR: Major improvements in laboratory capacity, infection control, performance of tuberculosis control programmes, and treatment regimens for both drug-susceptible and drug- resistant disease will be needed, together with a massive scale-up in diagnosis and treatment of MDR and XDR tuberculosis to prevent drug-resistant strains from becoming the dominant form of tuberculosis.
Journal ArticleDOI
Antimicrobial resistance in developing countries.
TL;DR: Better access to diagnostic laboratories is needed, as well as improved surveillance of the emergence of resistance, better regulation of antibiotics' use, and better education of the public, physicians, and veterinarians in the appropriate use of drugs.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Mutations of bacteria from virus sensitivity to virus resistance
Salvador E. Luria,Max Delbrück +1 more
TL;DR: This article reported Luria and Delbruck's breakthrough study in which they established that viruses do not induce mutations in bacteria, but that virus-resisting mutations are spontaneous.
Journal ArticleDOI
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Journal Article
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G. Canetti,Wallace Fox,A. Khomenko,H. T. Mahler,N.K. Menon,Denis A. Mitchison,N. Rist,N. A. Šmelev +7 more
TL;DR: Describing of the sensitivity tests used by the Medical Research Council of Great Britain for first- and second-line drugs, the two main variants of the proportion method developed by the Institut Pasteur, Paris, and a method for calibrating sensitivity tests are contained in the present paper.
Journal Article
Mycobacteria: laboratory methods for testing drug sensitivity and resistance
G. Canetti,S. Froman,J. Grosset,P. Hauduroy,Miloslava Langerová,H. T. Mahler,Gertrud Meissner,Denis A. Mitchison,Ladislav Šula +8 more
TL;DR: Three different tests for determining drug sensitivity-the absolute-concentration method, the resistance-ratio method and the proportion method-that are generally considered to give reasonably accurate results are described.
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