Probability of shock in the presence and absence of CS in fear conditioning.
Citations
184 citations
Cites background from "Probability of shock in the presenc..."
...Rescorla (1968) conducted a study using two conditions that had identical pairings of a tone CS with a shock US (see A and B of Figure 2)....
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...Perhaps more compelling evidence of one-trial learning comes from Rescorla's (2000) demonstration that even when CSs and USs are randomly presented learning takes place: CS–US associations are formed very early and rapidly as are CRs, however, as training continues the CS loses its power to evoke a CR, but the CS–US associations remain intact....
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183 citations
Cites background from "Probability of shock in the presenc..."
..., Rescorla, 1968). However, they quickly discovered that the statistical contingency between CS and US is not the only thing that matters. Most important, Kamin (1969) demonstrated that conditioned responses toward a target CS, T, also depend on the statistical contingency between other CSs and the US....
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...During the 1960s, scholars of Pavlovian conditioning had already put forward the idea that the strength of conditioned responses is a function of the statistical contingency between the conditioned stimulus (CS) and the unconditioned stimulus (US; e.g., Rescorla, 1968)....
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175 citations
171 citations
Cites background from "Probability of shock in the presenc..."
...In his review of associative relations in instrumental learning, Rescorla (1991) made a strong case for the establishment of associations that went beyond simple binary stimulus–response or response–outcome associations....
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..., & Rescorla, R.M. (1985a). Post-conditioning devaluation of a reinforcer affects...
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..., & Rescorla, R.A. (1988). The role of response-reinforcer associations increases...
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..., & Rescorla, R.A. (1972). Associations in second-order conditioning and sensory...
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..., & Rescorla, R.A. (1985b). Instrumental responding remains sensitive to reinforcer...
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References
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"Probability of shock in the presenc..." refers background in this paper
...Although such an account is plausible for the present data, it fails to explain the active inhibition of fear found by Rescorla and LoLordo (1965), Rescorla (1966), and Hammond (1967)....
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