Book•
Problem-based learning : an approach to medical education
01 Jan 1980-
TL;DR: This book presents the scientific basis of problem-based learning and goes on to describe the approaches to problem- based medical learning that have been developed over the years at McMaster University, largely by Barrows and Tamblyn.
Abstract: In this book, the authors address some basic problems in the learning of biomedical science, medicine, and the other health sciences Students in most medical schools, especially in basic science courses, are required to memorize a large number of ""facts,"" facts which may or may not be relevant to medical practice Problem-based learning has two fundamental postulates--the learning through problem-solving is much more effective for creating a body of knowledge usable in the future, and that physician skills most important for patients are problem-solving skills, rather than memory skills This book presents the scientific basis of problem-based learning and goes on to describe the approaches to problem-based medical learning that have been developed over the years at McMaster University, largely by Barrows and Tamblyn
Citations
More filters
28 May 2010-Nigerian journal of physiological sciences : official publication of the Physiological Society of Nigeria
TL;DR: It is indicated that problem-based learning increases students' attendance/participation in classes and performance in examination and is recommended for integration into physiology curriculum of Nigerian Universities.
Abstract: Currently, understanding of Physiology and disease patterns is undergoing a fundamental paradigm shift with attendant shift in education of health professionals worldwide towards active learning to encourage exploration of connections and their relationships. We introduced problem-based learning to Physiology teaching of medial laboratory students to confirm worldwide reports that active learning environments offer better learning opportunities over the traditional methods which is the predominant teaching method in Nigerian universities. Our findings indicate that Problem-based learning increases students’ attendance/participation in classes and performance in examination. We recommend the integration of active learning into physiology curriculum of Nigerian Universities.
15 citations
Cites background or methods from "Problem-based learning : an approac..."
...PBL is a method of learning in which the students first encounter a problem followed by a systematic inquiry and reflection process (Barrows and Tamblyn, 1980)....
[...]
...It was initially promoted as an approach at developing problem solving skills (Barrows and Tamblyn, 1980) but now known to promote learning across subject domains (Norman and Schmidt, 1992)....
[...]
TL;DR: When compared to other didactic approaches, there is no evidence that PBL has a more positive effect on students’ knowledge and performance and satisfaction levels and limited evidence that it improvesStudents’ approaches to learning.
Abstract: Although there has been growing interest in Problem Based Learning (PBL) by professional entry-level therapy educators, its effectiveness is as yet unclear. Existing overviews of the field do not provide high quality evidence in terms of the effectiveness or otherwise of PBL in professional therapy education. The purposes of this article is to systematically review the current literature on PBL and determine its effectiveness when compared to other didactic approaches in physiotherapy, occupational therapy, speech-language therapy, dietetics, podiatry, orthoptics and therapeutic radiography entry-level education. Eight databases were searched for controlled evaluation studies investigating the effectiveness of PBL in the seven therapy professions. Four competencies were analysed; students’ knowledge, performance, approaches to learning and satisfaction. Data were extracted and risk of bias assessed by independent reviewers. One scoring system was used to assess the quality of the studies and another determined the level of evidence for each competency. The search yielded 3885 articles, of which six met inclusion criteria after full text review; three in physiotherapy, one each in occupational therapy, dietetics and podiatry. Three of the six studies were categorised as high quality. No study measured all four competencies. When compared to other didactic approaches, there is no evidence that PBL has a more positive effect on students’ knowledge and performance and satisfaction levels and limited evidence that it improves students’ approaches to learning. Currently available literature revealed no convincing evidence that PBL is more effective than traditional didactic education for entry level therapy professions.
15 citations
15 citations
01 Nov 2001
TL;DR: This research highlights the need to understand more fully the role of greenhouse gases in the build-up of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and the response of the climate to these gases.
Abstract: Original article can be found at: http://www.gees.ac.uk/planet/ [Full text of this article is not available in the UHRA]
15 citations
20 Jan 2010
TL;DR: In this article, the authors explored the characteristics of problems in students' and tutors' perspectives, developed, validated and tested the reliability of a problem quality rating scale to measure the characteristics and influence of problem familiarity on students' learning.
Abstract: textThis thesis focuses on characteristics of problems in Problem-based Learning (PBL). Problems initiate the students’ learning process in PBL. Several studies have shown that the quality of problems has a positive influence on students’ academic achievement and interest. In addition, the quality of problems has been shown to have a higher influence than the tutor’s performance and students’ prior knowledge on students’ learning. The implication of these findings is that designing good problems will result in better learning. However, there are very few studies which shed light on the characteristics of problems. To contribute to our understanding of problems characteristics and their influence on students’ learning, this thesis presents five studies. The five studies (1) explored the characteristics of problems in students’ and tutors’ perspectives, (2) developed, validated and tested the reliability of a problem quality rating scale to measure the characteristics of problems, and (3) used the rating scale to study the influence of problem familiarity on students’ learning.
15 citations
Cites background from "Problem-based learning : an approac..."
...According to one of the earliest definitions, PBL is the process of working towards the understanding and resolution of a problem and involves acquisition of professional skills (Barrows & Tamblyn, 1980)....
[...]
...This PBL definition is more common in some of the medical curriculum adopting PBL (Barrows & Tamblyn, 1980; Barrows, 1990)....
[...]