Every individual occupies a determined place in a chain of descent. The criteria of this determination are usually conceptions concerning physical resemblance and difference, paternal and maternal kin ties, ceremonies celebrating the birth, as well as marks and practices involving augury, prediction, divination and predestination, etc. Through these conceptions, the individual components, which give the individual his/her singularity, are conjoined with the inherited components, which mark his/her place in the chain of family and kin, the symbolic elements, which make him/her part of the cosmic world, and the attributes that the person acquires and which ensure his/her social identity by giving it its individual expression. This paper attempts to show how the name in particular, as illustrated in Albanian culture, is in fact part of a whole set of such multiple components and attributes that merges the individual within the space and the time in which they are imbedded.

https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00629438/document

Problèmes de linguistique générale

Rituals of Naming and Exposure: Meaning and Signification in a Name

The relationship between language and music has much in common - rhythm, structure, sound, metaphor. Exploring the phenomena of song and performance, this book presents a sociolinguistic model for analysing them. Based on ethnomusicologist John Blacking's contention that any song performed communally is a 'folk song' regardless of its generic origins, it argues that folk song to a far greater extent than other song genres displays 'communal' or 'inclusive' types of performance. The defining feature of folk song as a multi-modal instantiation of music and language is its participatory nature, making it ideal for sociolinguistic analysis. In this sense, a folk song is the product of specific types of developing social interaction whose major purpose is the construction of a temporally and locally based community. Through repeated instantiations, this can lead to disparate communities of practice, which, over time, develop sociocultural registers and a communal stance towards aspects of meaningful events in everyday lives that become typical of a discourse community.

Language, the Singer and the Song: The Sociolinguistics of Folk Performance

The typical way to identify objects and events of which we think is indexical reference; the linguistic means for indexical reference are the indexicals. The indexical terms depend on the authority of the speech and are thus dependent on a contextual relation to the referent, what means that they are indexed in the utterance. The contextual dependence sometimes took on a shape of contextualism which excludes any rigidity in the indexical reference because of the inevitabity of the multiplicity of referential instances. But the ambiguity concerned with the duplication of the reference can be raised solved within the framework of a self referential speech. Indeed, auto-designative indexicals ("I" - "here" - "now") by which the speech qualifies itself, temporarily, locally or personally (locutionary), without resorting to an index, indicate the same reference in all the circumstances, and we would say "in all the possible worlds ". To seize their relevance, it would be necessary to move from the diadic analysis, inherited from Kaplan, who distinguished the character and the content of an expression, towards a triadic approach which distinguishes character, context and possible worlds by combining the reference determiners (connected to the contexts of statement) and referential determiners (connected to possible worlds).

La rigidité des indexicaux auto-désignatifs : "je" - "ici" - "maintenant"

Subjectivity plays an important role in how meaning is created and construed. It concerns the expression of self and the representation of a speaker’s perspective or point of view in the interaction with somebody else. The subjectivity explored in this article concerns mainly one special form of self-awareness insofar as it is related to irony. The argument of this article will be carried out in three steps: We first will deal with the main linguistic theories regarding irony. This will lead us to the conclusion that irony — at least in some cases — involves a form of non-propositional knowledge that needs to be identified and captured for irony. In a second step, we will describe this type of non-propositional knowledge, in particular distinguishing it from propositional knowledge. The discussion of nonpropositional knowledge as one marker of subjectivity will then lead us to discuss irony — beyond its semantic utterances — as a personal disposition. When we call utterances ironic we are referring to them as linguistic constructs and we deal with the respective content of their declarative statements, technically speaking, the proposition. In this contribution we are interested in showing how ironic utterances lead back to a personal disposition. This move back should enrich, in some respects and to a certain extent, our understanding of ironic utterances.

Subjectivity out of irony

Les complements du nom du type de loup dans Luc a une faim de loup sont comparables a des sequences du type comme une image dans Luc est sage comme une image car ils permettent egalement d'exprimer le haut degre par association d'une propriete et d'un terme pris comme le parangon ou le stereotype de cette propriete. Nous presentons les resultats de l'analyse de 400 suites DET N de N du type une faim de la loup. Dans un premier temps, nous discutons du caractere partiellement figee des suites etudiees : nous montrons que seul le complement du nom est dans la portee de figement en faisant etat de son caractere facultatif et de son comportement atypique, d'un point de vue transformationnel. Dans un deuxieme temps, nous discutons de la valeur intensive des complements du nom : nous examinons les sequences de N dont la signification est l'intensite forte (d'Hercule dans Luc a une force d'Hercule) puis celles dont la signification est l'intensite faible (Luc a un appetit d'oiseau). Nous montrons qu'elles impliquent toutes que les noms determines ont un caractere predicatif. Dans un troisieme temps, nous constatons que les suites a genitifs intensifs sont une source potentielle de creations lexicales. Nous distinguons les suites du type une patience d'ange dans Luc a une patience d'ange et celles du type une sante de fer dans Luc a une sante de fer. Les suites du premier type sont telles que la relation entre les deux substantifs ne deroge pas aux regles distributionnelles (i.e. le nom determinatif est un argument potentiel du nom determine) et que l'adjonction du complement du nom est pertinente pour caracteriser la propriete denotee par le substantif-tete d'une facon hyperbolique. Dans les suites du second type, l'indication d'une intensite s'exprime differemment car le deuxieme substantif ne figure jamais dans le domaine d'arguments du premier. L'association des deux substantifs fonctionne a partir d'un trope (une synecdoque particularisante dans la suite une sante de fer). Nous constatons ensuite que ce sont les suites du premier type qui constituent un modele productif.

/pdf/comparaison-et-expression-du-haut-degre-dans-le-groupe-4nld8r40md.pdf

Comparaison et expression du haut degré dans le groupe nominal

Communication using symbols (such as words) structured with grammar

Problèmes de linguistique générale

Citations

Rituals of Naming and Exposure: Meaning and Signification in a Name

Language, the Singer and the Song: The Sociolinguistics of Folk Performance

La rigidité des indexicaux auto-désignatifs : "je" - "ici" - "maintenant"

Subjectivity out of irony

Comparaison et expression du haut degré dans le groupe nominal

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