Problèmes de linguistique générale
About: This article is published in Language.The article was published on 1968-03-01. It has received 1838 citations till now.
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TL;DR: Bennett as mentioned in this paper argues that rationalism is a folklore tradition itself, which adheres to patterns of explanation and thought in competition with supernaturalist discourse, or the "tradition of belief"; furthermore, rationalism and supernaturalism are cultural options, competing discourses; and that neither is 'better' or less'superstitious' than the other.
Abstract: Alas, Poor Ghost! Traditions of Belief in Story and Discourse. By Gillian Bennett. (Logan, Utah: Utah State University Press, 1999. Pp. 232, appendix, notes, bibliography, index. $39.95 cloth, $21.95 paper) In a further analysis of field research first presented in Traditions of Belief Women and the Supernatural (Pelican, 1987), as well as material collected during a recent study of widow's memorates, Gillian Bennett explores the ways in which elderly British women make meaning of "the mysterious side of life" (176). Though Alas, Poor Ghost! offers some recycled material based on data from her first study of elderly Manchester women, Bennett's emphasis on the competing discourses used by the women in these studies to explain life after death, visitations, and ghosts offers an extensive and convincing portrait of narrative negotiation in contemporary belief (fi). Throughout the book, Bennett argues that there are two cultural options available to these groups of women for interpreting their experiences, which she terms rationalist and supernaturalist. A rationalist "tradition of disbelief' (a term first coined by David Hufford in 1982) interprets supernatural encounters as "dreams, hallucinations, or as the result of creative imaginations"; employing this discourse may also include ridiculing the people who report such experiences (33). Bennett points out that rationalism is a folklore tradition itself, which adheres to patterns of explanation and thought in competition with supernaturalist discourse, or the "tradition of belief"; furthermore, "rationalism and supernaturalism are cultural options, competing discourses; and that neither is 'better' or less 'superstitious' than the other," a cogent assertion based on her findings that women who told these stories knew both interpretive options and could counter the opposite discourse with their own (38). However, believer's discourse is the primary subject of this relatively short book (it offers only 173 pages of actual text, though Bennett covers a lot of territory in five chapters), and the first part discusses two different groups of women's memorates to uncover "coherent tradition[s] with an appealing rationale" (49). Supernaturalist stories, according to Bennett, reflect a faith in human perception and the ability of people to see events accurately; furthermore, believers are "intensely aware of their opponent's case" and "insist that their informants are of the highest probity, their perception seen or remembered with the most distinct clarity, and, moreover, that such cases are both numerous and well-documented and do not depend on the evidence of a single person, however reliable" (37). Bennett also offers a thorough structural analysis of these narratives and demonstrates that content is not the only or even the most important part of a narrative, illuminating "how narrators invite listeners to construct meaning from raw events," and Bennett argues that by using rhetorical strategies which include asking and answering questions or challenges to the narrative and anticipating what the listener will think of the story, narrators indicate how aware they are of judgmental listeners (117). In the first two chapters, Bennett focuses on memor-ates collected during the study of Manchester women, which came about when she was working on her dissertation study of the way narrative shape reflects belief in stories of the supernatural. She collected these accounts from her father's patients in his Manchester podiatry surgery for five months, and spoke to the patients during their examination by her father. …
64 citations
Dissertation•
28 Sep 1999
62 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors propose a methode statistique d'analyse de discours ALCESTE (sigle pour 'Analyse des Lexemes Cooccurrents dans un Ensemble de Segments de Textes').
Abstract: Dans cette etude, l'A. cherche a formuler ce qui lui apparait fonder semiotiquement sa pratique d'analyse statistique de donnees textuelles. Apres une courte introduction autour de la question : 'quel peut etre le role de l'approche statistique dans l'analyse du sens d'un discours, et quelle en est la limite', la premiere partie aborde, a partir de la semiotique Peircienne, le role de la repetition dans la constitution du sens. Dans la seconde, l'A. applique cette conception a la methode statistique d'analyse de discours ALCESTE (sigle pour 'Analyse des Lexemes Cooccurrents dans un Ensemble de Segments de Textes'). En conclusion, il souligne l'impossibilite d'un 'point de vue' externe pour definir le sens. On trouvera egalement quelques resultats et commentaires succincts a propos de l'analyse 'ALCESTE' du texte de cet article en annexe.
62 citations
Dissertation•
01 Jul 2018
TL;DR: In this article, the influence of film form in fiction in terms of narrative discourse is discussed, focusing on issues of genre, narration, temporality, and the imitation of cinematic techniques.
Abstract: This study deals with the influence of film form in fiction in terms of narrative discourse, focusing on issues of genre, narration, temporality, and the imitation of cinematic techniques. It provides a theoretical analysis of different methodologies (intermediality theory, semiotics, narratology, genre theory) which are useful to assess how a cinematic dimension has found a place in literary writing. This research, in particular, puts forth the idea of a 'para-cinematic narrator', a 'flattening of the narrative relief', and a 'para-cinematic narrative contract' as constitutive items of strongly cinematised fiction. These three theoretical items are subsumed in the concept of 'cinematic mode in fiction', which describes a distillation of characteristics of the film form on the written page. This research therefore represents a theoretical attempt to demonstrate how the cinematic component integrates the stylistic and generic traits of novels and short stories relating to different periods, styles and genres of the twentieth century. The proposed theoretical model is tested on a corpus of American, French, and, especially, Italian case studies. The remediation of film that emerges from these texts points to a complex interconnection between cinema and literature which still requires full acknowledgment in literary history.
62 citations
Cites background from "Problèmes de linguistique générale"
...A similar trajectory in literature is recognisable in Gustave Flaubert and French naturalism, particularly in Émile Zola: the scientific attitude here translates into a tendency to grasp reality objectively and with detachment....
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...Christian Metz (1973, 1974) had already addressed the issue of the narrator in terms of énonciation, following a key idea that harkens back to Émile Benveniste (1966)....
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...Christian Metz (1973, 1974) had already addressed the issue of the narrator in terms of énonciation, following a key idea that harkens back to Émile Benveniste (1966). Metz...
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TL;DR: The art´culo, de naturaleza teorica y conceptual, aborda los diferentes significados que ha ido tomando el termino de “metacognicion” desde los inicios of la investigacion metacognitiva, and senala las cuestiones esenciales that se plantean in la investigación metACognitivas: the relacion entre cognicion and metacogitivas, el estatuto de las conductas metacognitive, the
Abstract: ResumenEl art´culo, de naturaleza teorica y conceptual, aborda los diferentes significados que ha ido tomando el termino de “metacognicion” desde los inicios de la investigacion metacognitiva, y senala las cuestiones esenciales que se plantean en la investigacion metacognitiva: la relacion entre cognicion y metacognicion, el estatuto de las conductas metacognitivas, la relacion entre conocimientos metacognitivos y procesos reguladores, y el acceso a la conciencia de las conductas metacognitivas. Los tres marcos teoricos que mas han influido en la investigacion metacognitiva—procesamiento de la informacion, teoria de Piaget y teoria de Vygotski-son abordados, y se exponen, para cada uno de ellos, las respuestas ofrecidas a las cuestiones centrales sobre metacognicion. Se presentan, finalmente, las lineas directrices de la problematica metacognitiva desde una vision constructivista del desarrollo y del aprendizaje.
61 citations