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Journal ArticleDOI

Problèmes de linguistique générale

01 Mar 1968-Language (Gallimard)-Vol. 44, Iss: 1, pp 91
About: This article is published in Language.The article was published on 1968-03-01. It has received 1838 citations till now.
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a cross-linguistic construction type that suggests its nature, noncanonical subject + 3rd nominative ~ 1st/2nd accusative object is proposed.
Abstract: Middle Breton (MB) presents a singular anomaly of pronominal argument coding. Objects are accusative proclitics save in two constructions, where coding is split by person: 3rd unique enclitics ~ 1st/2nd accusative proclitics. The constructions are HAVE, from Insular Celtic mihi est, where the new coding replaces inflectional nominatives (cf. Latin mihi est ~ sunt); and imperatives, where it replaces accusative enclitics in V1 (cf. French aide-moi ~ ne m’aide pas). The evolution is traced in light of a crosslinguistic construction type that suggests its nature, noncanonical subject + 3rd nominative ~ 1st/2nd accusative object. Part I: (1) Decomposition of HAVE as dative clitic + BE from Brythonic throughout “conservative” varieties of Breton. (2) Breton-Cornish innovation of nonclitic datives for mihi est and their subjecthood. Part II: (3) Brythonic unavailibility of mesoclisis in V1 and Breton-Cornish nonagreement with nominative objects, resulting in independent > enclitic pronouns for accusative objects of imperatives and nominative objects of mihi est. (4) MB alignment of imperatives with mihi est in 3rd person, restriction on nominative enclitics, and recruitment of 1st/2nd person accusative proclitics upon loss of mesoclisis. (5) Transition to accusative objects in “innovative” varieties and subject-object case interactions.

21 citations


Cites background from "Problèmes de linguistique générale"

  • ...EN Georges Dottin (1911). Louis Eunius ou le Purgatoire de Saint Patrice. Mystère, Texte du XVIIIe siècle. Paris: Champion. EOV Jean Marion (1838). En Or hag ar Vuhez devot, pé Instructioneu forh pourfitable eit conduie ha sonnat en inean én devotion; dré Sant Francæs a Sales. Guénèd: Galles. Gk Émile Ernault (1928). “Le breton de Gilles de Keranpuil. Catechisme et heuryou”. In: Revue Celtique 45, 202–271, 47, 72–159. GMW Daniel Simon Evans (1964). A Grammar of Middle Welsh....

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  • ...EN Georges Dottin (1911). Louis Eunius ou le Purgatoire de Saint Patrice. Mystère, Texte du XVIIIe siècle. Paris: Champion. EOV Jean Marion (1838). En Or hag ar Vuhez devot, pé Instructioneu forh pourfitable eit conduie ha sonnat en inean én devotion; dré Sant Francæs a Sales. Guénèd: Galles. Gk Émile Ernault (1928). “Le breton de Gilles de Keranpuil. Catechisme et heuryou”. In: Revue Celtique 45, 202–271, 47, 72–159. GMW Daniel Simon Evans (1964). A Grammar of Middle Welsh. Baile Átha Cliath: Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies. GOI Rudolf Thurneysen (1946). A Grammar of Old Irish. Trans. by Daniel A. Binchy & Osborn Bergin. Revised and enlarged edition with supplement. Baile Átha Cliath: Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies. HMSB Roparz Hémon (1975). A Historical Morphology and Syntax of Breton. Baile Átha Cliath: Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies. IN Charles Le Bris (1710). Introduction dar vuez devot gat S....

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  • ...EN Georges Dottin (1911). Louis Eunius ou le Purgatoire de Saint Patrice. Mystère, Texte du XVIIIe siècle. Paris: Champion. EOV Jean Marion (1838). En Or hag ar Vuhez devot, pé Instructioneu forh pourfitable eit conduie ha sonnat en inean én devotion; dré Sant Francæs a Sales. Guénèd: Galles. Gk Émile Ernault (1928). “Le breton de Gilles de Keranpuil. Catechisme et heuryou”. In: Revue Celtique 45, 202–271, 47, 72–159. GMW Daniel Simon Evans (1964). A Grammar of Middle Welsh. Baile Átha Cliath: Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies. GOI Rudolf Thurneysen (1946). A Grammar of Old Irish....

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  • ...EN Georges Dottin (1911). Louis Eunius ou le Purgatoire de Saint Patrice. Mystère, Texte du XVIIIe siècle. Paris: Champion. EOV Jean Marion (1838). En Or hag ar Vuhez devot, pé Instructioneu forh pourfitable eit conduie ha sonnat en inean én devotion; dré Sant Francæs a Sales. Guénèd: Galles. Gk Émile Ernault (1928). “Le breton de Gilles de Keranpuil....

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  • ...Bo Joseph Vendryes (1922)....

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Proceedings Article
15 Jul 2010
TL;DR: A thorough definition of the discourse units required by the systematic annotation of other phenomena beyond usual sentence boundaries, which are typical for spoken language, is attempted.
Abstract: We present a syntactic annotation scheme for spoken French that is currently used in the Rhapsodie project. This annotation is dependency-based and includes coordination and disfluency as analogously encoded types of paradigmatic phenomena. Furthermore, we attempt a thorough definition of the discourse units required by the systematic annotation of other phenomena beyond usual sentence boundaries, which are typical for spoken language. This includes so called "macrosyntactic" phenomena such as dislocation, parataxis, insertions, grafts, and epexegesis.

21 citations


Cites background from "Problèmes de linguistique générale"

  • ...An Illocutionary Unit (IU) is any portion of discourse encoding a unique illocutionary act: assertions, questions, and commands (see Benveniste 1966, Searle 1976)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
17 May 2019-Glossa
TL;DR: In this article, two case studies of microvariation in accusative marking in the Italo-Romance varieties of the extreme south of Italy have been discussed, where diatopic variation displayed by the dialects of southern Calabria gives rise to peculiar patterns of alternation between presence or absence of the marker a 'to' in flagging the accusative.
Abstract: This paper discusses two case studies of microvariation in accusative marking in the Italo-Romance varieties of the extreme south of Italy. In particular, the diatopic variation displayed by the dialects of southern Calabria gives rise to peculiar patterns of alternation between presence or absence of the marker a ‘to’ in flagging the accusative. The realisation of accusative case is partially governed by semantic and referential features, i.e. specificity and animacy. In addition, the nature of the realisation of the D head results in a degree of competition between zero marking and analytic accusative marking with a . Given the century-long co-existence of Latin/Romance and Greek in southern Calabria, the relevant morphosyntactic patterns in Case-marking will also be examined from a language contact perspective. We will highlight how the relevant outcomes do not simply involve borrowing mechanisms or template copying from the lending variety but, rather, produce hybrid structures no longer ascribable to a purely Romance or Greek grammar.

21 citations

01 Jan 1995
TL;DR: The main purpose of this article is to discuss the kinds of mental representations that are required for language to evolve, and distinguishes between cued and detached representations.
Abstract: The main purpose of this article is to discuss the kinds of mental representations that are required for language to evolve. Firstly, I distinguish between cued and detached representations. A cued representation stands for something that is present in the current external situation of the representing organism, while a detached representation may stand for objects or events that are neither present in the current situation nor triggered by some recent situation. The inner environment of an agent is deÞned as the collection of all detached representations of the agent. The fundamental difference between signal and a symbol is that the reference of a symbol is a detached representation, while a signal refers to a cued representation. Icons also refer to detached representations, but unlike symbols, the choice of representation is not arbitrary, since an icon in some aspects resembles the thing it represents (Less)

21 citations


Cites background from "Problèmes de linguistique générale"

  • ...…Bickerton (1990, p. 122) concludes that there is a mode of linguistic expression that is quite separate from normal human language and is shared by four classes of speakers: trained apes, children under two, adults who have been deprived of language in their early years, and speakers of pidgin....

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  • ...She had normal intelligence, but she never fully acquired language, despite great efforts to teach her....

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