Problèmes de linguistique générale
About: This article is published in Language.The article was published on 1968-03-01. It has received 1838 citations till now.
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01 Jan 2011
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors propose a model of the lecture-spectature of l'oeuvre litteraire and its adaptation cinematographique, speculant sur l'activite d'un lecteur/spectateur reel en contexte scolaire.
Abstract: Cette recherche s'inscrit dans un contexte educationnel qui tient compte de l'interet des jeunes pour le cinema et de l'avantage de coupler le film et le roman dans l'enseignement-apprentissage de la lecture litteraire. La didactique litteraire/filmique demeure cependant un champ peu developpe en recherche. L'objectif principal de notre recherche a ete de modeliser la lecture-spectature de l'oeuvre litteraire et de son adaptation cinematographique en speculant sur l'activite d'un lecteur/spectateur reel en contexte scolaire. L'exploration des theories et des modeles en lecture litteraire et en spectature filmique a partir des approches semiotique, cognitiviste et subjective a permis l'identification de mecanismes d'anticipation, de comprehension et d'interpretation de la lecture et de la spectature. L'explicitation de la dynamique des relations entre les mecanismes de la lecture et ceux de la spectature a mene au deploiement du modele de lecture-spectature. L'intention didactique de la modelisation de la lecture-spectature a ete de speculer sur les activites de comprehension et d'interpretation de sujets lecteurs/spectateurs adolescents a partir de donnees theoriques et de recherches exploratoires dans les milieux scolaires. Les connaissances sur le fonctionnement des mecanismes de lecture et de spectature ont permis l'elaboration de propositions didactiques distinguant les postures de lecture/spectature, de meme que les mecanismes et les competences en fonction de chacune des approches theoriques (semiotique, cognitiviste, subjective) apparaissant dans le modele general de la lecture-spectature.
La methodologie choisie pour l'elaboration du modele theorique, a intention didactique, de la lecture-spectature a ete l'anasynthese. La rigueur qu'exige la traversee des phases d'analyse, de synthese et de validation a balise la conception du prototype jusqu'au modele final. L'anasynthese nous a servi de cadre operatoire et d'instrumentation dans le processus de modelisation. Les fonctions du modele speculatif de lecture-spectature sont a la fois descriptive, explicative, predictive et prescriptive. De plus, la modelisation s'appuie sur deux recherches exploratoires en milieu scolaire. A la lumiere de la modelisation de la lecture-spectature et des propositions didactiques, quelques postulats ont ete revus. Il ressort de notre recherche que les mecanismes de comprehension et d'interpretation sont complementaires et qu'ils s'activent de maniere iterative tout au long du parcours de lecture et de spectature; que le parcours double de la lecture-spectature en situation scolaire aide les eleves a tisser plus solidement le sens qu'ils donnent aux oeuvres; que les differences entre contenus et codes augmentent la frequence et l'intensite du recours a des mecanismes de comprehension et d'interpretation. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLES DE L’AUTEUR : Lecture litteraire, Spectature filmique, Modelisation, Didactique.
20 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors consider organizational communication as the production of narrations intended to unify spatially, temporally, and socially working groups threatened by implosion, and propose an organizational communication model based on recits.
Abstract: Resume : Cet article envisage la communication des organisations comme la production de recits destines a unifier spatialement, temporellement et socialement des groupes de travail menaces d’implosion. Ces recits de legitimation de l’action economique recherchent leur inscription dans les medias. Depuis quelques annees et selon des modalites variees selon les pays, les medias generalistes consacrent une place specifique aux acteurs economiques tandis que monte en puissance la presse specialisee entierement dediee a l’action economique. Les recits d’entreprises sont relayes par ces medias mais trouvent leur place privilegiee
dans le systeme mediatique cree par les entreprises. Ce systeme mediatique sophistique realise une adequation parfaite entre contenu et contenant, mais sa credibilite est toujours mise en doute.
Abstract: This article considers organizational communication as the production of narrations intended to unify spatially, temporally, and socially working groups threatened by implosion. These narrations legitimating economic action seek their place in the media. For a few years, using different methods in different countries, the mainstream media have devoted space to economic actors while specialized media dedicated to economic action have been gaining in importance. All of these media communicate company narratives, but it is companies’ own media systems that privilege such narratives. These sophisticated media systems achieve a perfect correspondence between content and container, but their credibility is always in doubt.
20 citations
01 Jan 2009
20 citations
TL;DR: This article focuses on a mismatch available in the Spanish agreement system – Unagreement – in which there is a person mismatch in the realization of plural subject-verb agreement.
Abstract: Most linguistic theories of language offer analysis of agreement describing the rules and constraints involved in the computation and interpretation of this dependency. A good testing ground for theoretical accounts of agreement is mismatching patterns. In this article we focus on a mismatch available in the Spanish agreement system – Unagreement – in which there is a person mismatch in the realization of plural subject-verb agreement. Unagreement seems to challenge both purely syntactic and lexicalist analyses of agreement, as the realization of this pattern cannot be carried out either on a strictly formal basis or by simply postulating a lexically-driven asymmetry. We propose an approach that overcomes the limitations of existing analyses and that is able to successfully account for standard as well as non-standard agreement patterns. 1. The Mechanics of Agreement As language comprehenders, we are constantly and unconsciously absorbed in the process of decoding language and its meaning, linking actors to their respective actions and also to real-world entities. Doing this requires careful unpacking of the linguistic input, in search of grammatical cues that give the reader ⁄ hearer fundamental coordinates concerning the participants in discourse: what is their role, their number, and whether they are animate or inanimate, female or masculine. This function is carried out by agreement features, morphological categories that signal the person, number and gender information associated with nouns, pronouns, verbs, articles and adjectives. Feature consistency between these different parts of speech is what gives rise to an agreement relation. The realization of agreement entails displacing person, number and gender information from the controller (e.g. a subject argument) to the target (e.g. a verb) of the relation. Across languages, the amount and the type of controller-to-target information displacement can however vary, as shown in (1) below, where the agreement ‘‘richness’’ of Romance languages contrasts with the ‘‘poverty’’ of the system in English.
20 citations
Cites background from "Problèmes de linguistique générale"
...Assuming a tight connection between structure and interpretation, each feature is postulated to activate a link between its morphosyntactic expression (e.g. 1st, 2nd or 3rd person), which we will call u-values, and the semantic-pragmatic information concerning the argument referent (e.g. a Speaker or an Addressee), or r-values (see Table 2)....
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...Recent theoretical analyses have indeed emphasized the fact that this feature can be interpreted only in relation to the speech participants of the sentence (Bianchi 2006; Sigurdsson 2004, 2006, 2009; but see also Pollard and Sag 1994 and Wechsler 2009, 2011; Wechsler and Zlatič 2000, 2003 for a similar claim under a lexicalist account): a matching relation must therefore be established between the morphosyntactic person values (1st, 2nd and 3rd person) and the speech participant values (Speaker, Addressee) encoded in the discourse representation of the sentence (see Figure 3a)....
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...As Table 3 shows, 1st person expresses identity with (or inclusion of) the Speaker, 2nd person expresses identity with (or inclusion of) the Addressee, 3rd person exclusion of both Speaker and Addressee (Benveniste 1966; Jakobson 1971; Sigurdsson 2004, 2006, 2009)....
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...…proposal – the Feature Interpretation Procedure – based on behavioral and electrophysiological data will be advanced (Sections 2 and 3) that more suitably accounts for the processing of legal mismatching patterns, and overcomes the limits of both the purely syntactic and the lexicalist approaches....
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...Let us consider this hypothesis and assume that a 3rd person subject is underspecified for person, following the claim that 3rd person is absence of person (Benveniste 1966; Harley and Ritter 2002)....
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