Cet article trace les grandes lignes d'un programme de recherche dont l'ambition est de jeter les bases d'une integration des paradigmes logico-symbolique et connexionniste en sciences cognitives, en approfondissant les methodes et les modeles mathematiques qui -de la logique formelle a la geometrie differentielle -seraient susceptibles d'eliminer toute modelisation dualiste et/ou reductionniste de la cognition. Ce projet se fonde sur l'idee que les dimensions logico-symbolique et connexionniste de la cognition sont les deux versants d'un meme paradigme.

Problèmes de linguistique générale

Logique et dynamique de la cognition

El presente trabajo se centra en el estudio de la distribucion del lexico en corpus y su cometido es el analisis de las relaciones existentes entre los conceptos a traves de los terminos que estos designan. La hipotesis de partida es que podemos analizar conceptos estudiando los contextos de aparicion de los terminos que los designan, utilizando para ello las estadisticas de coocurrencia de los terminos en ventanas de contexto de n palabras. La tesis presenta un modelo computacional en forma de grafos de coocurrencia de terminos donde los nodos representan terminos simples o sintagmaticos. Dado un termino analizado, se deriva un grafo para ese termino a partir de un corpus. A medida que los textos se analizan, cada vez que dos terminos aparecen juntos en una misma ventana de contexto, los nodos que los representan se conectan entre si mediante un arco o bien fortalecen su conexion si ya la tenian. Este grafo es presentado como un modelo de aprendizaje, y como tal es evaluado mediante experimentos en que un ordenador resuelve tareas propias del analisis conceptual. Estas tareas incluyen determinar cuando una palabra o secuencia de palabras dentro de un texto hace referencia a un concepto definido, asi como determinar algunas de las propiedades mas importantes de este concepto, tal como sus relaciones taxonomicas. Otras tareas son las de determinar cuando una misma palabra puede hacer referencia a mas de un concepto (casos de homonimia o polisemia) o determinar cuando distintas palabras hacen referencia a un mismo concepto (casos de sinonimia o equivalencia entre lenguas o variedades dialectales). Como una interpretacion linguistica de estos fenomenos, esta tesis extrae una generalizacion en el plano del analisis del discurso: las propiedades de los grafos de coocurrencia lexica surgen gracias a la tendencia que tienen los autores de textos argumentativos de mencionar algunas de las propiedades mas importantes de los conceptos que introducen en el discurso. Esto ocurre sobre todo al inicio del discurso, con el objeto de asegurar que los principios entre lector y autor son compartidos. Cada autor predicara distintas informaciones acerca de un determinado concepto, pero los autores que traten sobre un mismo tema tendran tendencia a partir de una misma base y esta coincidencia se manifestara en la seleccion del lexico que, por su efecto acumulativo, puede ser estudiada de manera estadistica.

A quantitative approach to concept analysis

Le dictionnaire n'est qu'un genre parmi d'autres et la lexicologie en corpus invite a reconsiderer cette arborescence. D'une part, la polysemie d'acceptions semble un faux probleme, puisque les differentes acceptions n'entrent pas en concurrence au sein des meme genres et des meme discours (sauf figures de syllepse ou d'antanaclase). En revanche, les rapports entre acceptions et emplois relevent d'un tout autre ordre, puisque les emplois se caracterisent par leur singularite et les semes afferents propages par le contexte qui leur donne un aspect novateur.

https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00431536/document

De la polysémie à la néosémie

This manuscript is composed of 18 contributions studying interactions in complex systems. These contributions were presented at the international conference on Interactions in Complex Systems, organized at University of Orleans in June 2013. This multidisciplinary manuscript aims at presenting how different disciplines may see their research topic from the complex system perspective and how interactions are accounted for in these complex systems. In this manuscript, we find contributions in mathematics, physics, computer sciences, robotics, life sciences, economics, linguistic, humanities or science of education

The book is split into 4 parts, each one approaching interactions in complex systems from a particular perspective. We have gathered contributions by approach rather than by studied topic, the latter way being, to our viewpoint, less relevant to this type of book. 
The first part of the book contains papers dealing with interactions at the system level. The included contributions address territory planning, the traveling of population in the Neolithic era or interactions in neuron populations.The second part collects articles studying \textbf{networks} and proposing different methods for their analysis. This part contains contributions on link prediction, on interaction analysis in communities learning, on the influence of the type of strategies updates (parallel or sequential) on the evolution of cooperation among humans, opinion dynamics or the social function of gossip. Articles included in the third part focus on the analysis of interactions in social communications. As such, this part gathers papers studying teacher-student relations, the modeling of the teacher's evaluative speech to study students' interactions and the effects on learning or the modeling of human communications. Finally, the last part of this book is devoted to the analysis of interactions between economic agents in different fields. Thereby, a contribution develops a methodology to forecast employability of students in Earth Sciences; another article studies the importance of language and interactions between individuals as determinants of market equilibria; a mathematical model is derived to model money asset exchanges in the framework of a complex socioeconomic model in the third article and the last contribution of this part examines the study choice in an evolutionary game and show under which conditions the population of students splits into two classes of strategies in equilibrium.

Interactions in Complex Systems

Cross-linguistically, personal agreement is one of the most widespread means of coding syntactic and semantic relations within the clause. Like case marking and distinctive word order, personal agreement can be found in languages all over the world. Personal agreement is directly connected with the existence of personal inflection in the predicate. So, if we speak of personal agreement, it is presupposed that there is a person-based paradigm of grammatical forms which, when attached to the clausal predicate, index or refer to one or more arguments of the clause. In many Indo-European languages, these grammatical forms, hence person markers, distinguish three persons, two numbers, and refer invariably to the subject of the clause. This familiar image of person marking and personal agreement which is the common model in linguistic textbooks does not reflect the facts in other, more exotic, languages of the world. The present article is a survey of personal paradigms and personal agreement in a couple of East Caucasian languages. The majority of these languages are spoken in the Russian republic of Dagestan located roughly between the Western shore of the Caspian Sea and the main range of the Caucasus. The East Caucasian languages are not related to the languages of the surrounding major language families, i. e. the Turkic languages or the Indo-European languages, and their genetic relation to the Northwest and South Caucasian languages is still a major subject of debate. On the other hand, it is widely accepted among Caucasianists that the different groups of East Caucasian languages are at least remotely related to each other. It is the goal of the present article to show a) that there is a remarkable diversity in the systems of person marking and personal agreement even within this limited number of related languages, b) that these systems differ from the Indo-European based model of personal agreement, and c) that the controlling factors of personal agreement sometimes are not in harmony with other grammatical relations marking devices in a specific language. The data which will be presented below in favor of these claims include the structure and shape of personal paradigms and their syntactic behavior in intransitive and transitive clauses in these languages. The cognitive foundation of a paradigm of person markers is the category of person, which reflects the basis structure of a speech act. The category of person seems to be a universal con-

The syntax of personal agreement in East Caucasian languages

Communication using symbols (such as words) structured with grammar

Problèmes de linguistique générale

Citations

Logique et dynamique de la cognition

A quantitative approach to concept analysis

De la polysémie à la néosémie

Interactions in Complex Systems

The syntax of personal agreement in East Caucasian languages

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