Processing and Properties of Construction Materials for 3D Printing
TL;DR: In this paper, the current available 3D printing systems from literature and the respective materials that have been used thus far by various experts, industries for building and construction (B&C) purposes are summarized.
Abstract: 3D printing (3DP), commonly known as additive manufacturing (AM), is a promising technology that can fabricate three dimensional complex shape prototypes directly from computer-aided design (CAD) model without any tooling and human intervention. Owing to its peculiar characteristics, AM is widely used in many industries to assist in the design, manufacture and commercialization of a product. More recently, this technology has been extended to building and construction (B&C) application in order to mitigate some of the critical issues such as shortage of skilled labour, high production cost and construction time, health and safety concerns of the workers in the hazardous environment etc. However for successful implementation, proper selection of materials and their mix design is highly recommended, which is a challenging task. This paper summarizes the current available 3DP systems from literature and the respective materials that have been used thus far by various experts, industries for B&C purposes. Finally, the benchmarking properties of theses material and potential research directions are briefly discussed.
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TL;DR: A comprehensive review of the main 3D printing methods, materials and their development in trending applications was carried out in this paper, where the revolutionary applications of AM in biomedical, aerospace, buildings and protective structures were discussed.
Abstract: Freedom of design, mass customisation, waste minimisation and the ability to manufacture complex structures, as well as fast prototyping, are the main benefits of additive manufacturing (AM) or 3D printing. A comprehensive review of the main 3D printing methods, materials and their development in trending applications was carried out. In particular, the revolutionary applications of AM in biomedical, aerospace, buildings and protective structures were discussed. The current state of materials development, including metal alloys, polymer composites, ceramics and concrete, was presented. In addition, this paper discussed the main processing challenges with void formation, anisotropic behaviour, the limitation of computer design and layer-by-layer appearance. Overall, this paper gives an overview of 3D printing, including a survey on its benefits and drawbacks as a benchmark for future research and development.
4,159 citations
Abstract: Three-dimensional (3D) printing (also known as additive manufacturing) is an advanced manufacturing process that can produce complex shape geometries automatically from a 3D computer-aided design m...
492 citations
Cites background from "Processing and Properties of Constr..."
...With these established parameters, properties such as required pump pressure for the materials, suitable printer speed and maximum bead layers of the printed objects are accounted prior to printing (Tay et al. 2016)....
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TL;DR: Five industrial photocuring 3D printing technologies are introduced, which are SLA, DLP, LCD, CLIP and MJP, and the characters of the materials and the progress of the application of the technique in the biomedical field is overviewed.
381 citations
Cites background from "Processing and Properties of Constr..."
...3D printing, commonly known as additive manufacturing technology, is a practice of making three dimensional objects through layer by layer printing [1]....
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TL;DR: In this article, an experimental investigation was carried out by reinforcing short glass fiber (GF) of different lengths (3mm, 6mm and 8mm) and percentages (0.25% − 1%) in a custom-made sustainable construction material developed for 3D printing application.
376 citations
TL;DR: The main advantage of 3D concrete printing (3DCP) is that it can manufacture complex, non-standard geometries and details rapidly using a printer integrated with a pump, hosepipe and nozzle as mentioned in this paper.
311 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss large-scale additive manufacturing processes that have been applied in the construction and architecture arena and focus on concrete printing, an automated extrusion based process.
798 citations
"Processing and Properties of Constr..." refers background in this paper
...All these three technologies have proven to be effective means of printing complex geometrical structures for B&C application [6]....
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TL;DR: Contour crafting (CC) is a recent layered fabrication technology that has a great potential in automated construction of whole structures as well as subcomponents and will most probably be one of the very few feasible approaches for building structures on other planets, such as Moon and Mars.
784 citations
"Processing and Properties of Constr..." refers background in this paper
...They are D-shape [3], Contour crafting [4], and Concrete printing [5]....
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors present the experimental results concerning the mix design and fresh properties of a high-performance fiber-reinforced fine-aggregate concrete for printing concrete, which has been designed to be extruded through a nozzle to build layer-by-layer structural components.
Abstract: This paper presents the experimental results concerning the mix design and fresh properties of a high-performance fibre-reinforced fine-aggregate concrete for printing concrete. This concrete has been designed to be extruded through a nozzle to build layer-by-layer structural components. The printing process is a novel digitally controlled additive manufacturing method which can build architectural and structural components without formwork, unlike conventional concrete construction methods. The most critical fresh properties are shown to be extrudability and buildability, which have mutual relationships with workability and open time. These properties are significantly influenced by the mix proportions and the presence of superplasticiser, retarder, accelerator and polypropylene fibres. An optimum mix is identified and validated by the full-scale manufacture of a bench component.
738 citations
"Processing and Properties of Constr..." refers background in this paper
...Testing of buildability of concrete [12]...
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...This property can be measured by visual inspection or conducting a shear stress test for the material [12]....
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...[12] from the Loughborough University, U....
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors presented the hardened properties of a high-performance fiber-reinforced fine-aggregate concrete extruded through a 9mm diameter nozzle to build layer-by-layer structural components in a printing process.
593 citations
"Processing and Properties of Constr..." refers background in this paper
...[16] has conducted experiments on tensile bond strength (Since bond strength affects the overall structure strength) and reported that there is a reduced tensile strength with increase in time gap between printing layers....
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Proceedings Article•
01 Jul 2012
TL;DR: An overview of fabrication processes, area of application, some recent research studies and the need to focus more research effort on improving the most promising FGM fabrication method (solid freeform SFF) is presented.
Abstract: Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering 2012 Vol III (WCE 2012), London, UK, 4-6 July 2012
299 citations
"Processing and Properties of Constr..." refers background in this paper
...Functionally graded materials (FGM): Other than functional materials, FGM may be applied to AM due to high complexity and conflicting property requirement [18]....
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