Producing Al5083-CNT composites by friction stir processing: influence of grain refinement and CNT on mechanical and corrosion properties
TL;DR: In this article, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were dispersed into Al5083 aluminum alloy by FSP to develop metal matrix composites and the results showed that the addition of CNT has a significant effect on altering the corrosion resistance and grain size effect.
About: This article is published in Materials Today: Proceedings.The article was published on 2019-01-01. It has received 11 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Friction stir processing & Friction stir welding.
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TL;DR: In this paper, a review of the development of metal matrix composites in aerospace and military applications, the importance of CNTs in the field of the aviation industry, challenges in Aerospace and defense sectors, and highlighting the significance of various processing techniques adopted in the developing of carbon nanotubes reinforced MMCs.
Abstract: The aerospace and defense industry's intense desire is to revamp the performance characteristics of space shuttle vehicles, military tanker vehicles by continuously driving the production of advanced materials with remarkable properties. Thus, the need for high strength and lower weight metals are increasing rapidly in these industries. In this view, many research works on composites have been proved, especially metal matrix composites (MMCs). Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are rolled-up graphene sheets with superior mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties attracted by many researchers in fabrication with MMCs. Metal matrix composites are developed in making space shuttle components and jet engine parts due to their higher specific strength and wear resistance. Numerous experimental investigations were performed on CNT reinforced MMCs in the making of structural components in aerospace and military vehicles, but the challenge still exists in many factors such as the production of complex structural components with optimistic performance, poor scattering of CNT in MMCs due to the formation of agglomeration and to retain nanoscale properties in large fraction. The aim of this review is to discuss about the development of MMCs in aerospace and military applications, the importance of CNTs in the field of the aviation industry, challenges in aerospace and defense sectors, and highlighting the importance of various processing techniques adopted in the development of CNT reinforced MMCs.
16 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a review of the CNT reinforcement with metals such as Aluminum, Magnesium, Copper, and few other alloys by exploring the latest tendencies and techniques employed to manufacture the particulate metal matrix composites, to improve friction stir process efficiency.
11 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , the advantages of FSP over other techniques used for surface composite processing, such as laser treatment or cast sintering, have been discussed, and the basic parameters that influence the properties of synthesized composites have been reviewed as well.
Abstract: Abstract Friction stir processing (FSP) is a new technique that offers a green way of synthesizing composites. FSP is usually used to produce a composite layer on a substrate. This layer is known as surface composite. FSP utilizes the concept of severe plastic deformation to produce heat and create composites by combining the substrate material and reinforcement material. These surface composites can be synthesized using different reinforcements based upon reinforcement size and material. This paper focuses on critically reviewing nanoparticle reinforced surface composites. It discusses the advantages of FSP over the other techniques used for surface composite processing, such as laser treatment or cast sintering. In addition, different types of ceramic and carbonaceous nanoparticles used as reinforcements have also been discussed in this article. Furthermore, different types of reinforcement strategies used for nanoparticle reinforcement have also been discussed. The basic parameters that influence the properties of synthesized composites have been reviewed as well. This paper extensively examines the pros and cons of nanoparticle FSP studies that have been published over the years.
7 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of various parameters on the mechanical properties of alloys and metal matrix composites processed by friction stir processing is explored, and it was observed that the strength and hardness increased by 30% to 40% after processing Al-based materials up to 3-4 friction stir processes.
6 citations
TL;DR: In this article , the structural properties of metal matrix composites with 1-D or 2-D nanomaterials have been investigated and a vast array of fabrication processes for tailoring the microstructures and interfaces of MMNCs were examined.
4 citations
References
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Book•
30 Mar 2007TL;DR: Friction stir welding (FSW) is a relatively new solid-state joining process that is used to join high-strength aerospace aluminum alloys and other metallic alloys that are hard to weld by conventional fusion welding as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Friction stir welding (FSW) is a relatively new solid-state joining process. This joining technique is energy efficient, environment friendly, and versatile. In particular, it can be used to join high-strength aerospace aluminum alloys and other metallic alloys that are hard to weld by conventional fusion welding. FSW is considered to be the most significant development in metal joining in a decade. Recently, friction stir processing (FSP) was developed for microstructural modification of metallic materials. In this review article, the current state of understanding and development of the FSW and FSP are addressed. Particular emphasis has been given to: (a) mechanisms responsible for the formation of welds and microstructural refinement, and (b) effects of FSW/FSP parameters on resultant microstructure and final mechanical properties. While the bulk of the information is related to aluminum alloys, important results are now available for other metals and alloys. At this stage, the technology diffusion has significantly outpaced the fundamental understanding of microstructural evolution and microstructure–property relationships.
4,750 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1993TL;DR: In this article, the Eshelby approach is used to model composites and a program for calculating the S-tensors of a composite model is presented, along with a list of programs for an Eshelbys calculation.
Abstract: Preface 1. General introduction 2. Basic composite models 3. The Eshelby approach to modelling composites 4. Plastic deformation 5. Thermal effects and high temperature behaviour 6. The interfacial region 7. Fracture processes and failure mechanisms 8. Transport properties and environmental performance 9. Fabrication processes 10. Development of matrix microstructure 11. Testing and characterisation techniques 12. Applications Appendix 1. Nomenclature Appendix 2. Matrices and reinforcements - selected thermophysical properties Appendix 3. The basic Eshelby S-tensors Appendix 4. Listing of a program for an Eshelby calculation.
1,826 citations
20 Jan 2003-Materials Science and Engineering A-structural Materials Properties Microstructure and Processing
TL;DR: In this article, a surface modifying technique, friction stir processing (FSP), has been developed for fabrication of surface composite, and the surface composites have excellent bonding with the aluminum alloy substrate.
Abstract: A novel surface modifying technique, friction stir processing (FSP), has been developed for fabrication of surface composite. Al–SiC surface composites with different volume fractions of particles were successfully fabricated. The thickness of the surface composite layer ranged from 50 to 200 μm. The SiC particles were uniformly distributed in the aluminum matrix. The surface composites have excellent bonding with the aluminum alloy substrate. The microhardness of the surface composite reinforced with 27vol.%SiC of 0.7 μm average particle size was ∼173 HV, almost double of the 5083Al alloy substrate (85 HV). The solid-state processing and very fine microstructure that results are also desirable for high performance surface composites.
908 citations
01 Jan 1976
TL;DR: In this article, the authors considered the classical mixed potential theory, which postulates that even without the assumption of the existence of local anodes and cathodes, one can explain corrosion reactions by assuming that cathodic and anodic partial reactions occur at the phase boundary metal/electrolyte in constant change with statistical distribution of location and time of the individual reaction.
Abstract: In 1938 Wagner and Traud1 published a paper: “Concerning the Evaluation of Corrosion Reactions by Superposition of Electrochemical Partial Reactions and Concerning the Potential Formation on Mixed Electrodes.” This paper is today considered the classical paper on mixed potential theory, which postulates that, even without the assumption of the existence of local anodes and cathodes, one can explain corrosion reactions by assuming that cathodic and anodic partial reactions occur at the phase boundary metal/electrolyte in constant change with statistical distribution of location and time of the individual reaction. Wagner and Traud showed further that under certain conditions (yielding certain forms of the partial potential-current curves) it is possible to calculate the rate of a given reaction using electrochemical measurements. These principles were then applied to the dissolution rate of zinc amalgam in acid solutions. Good agreement was found between corrosion rates calculated from polarization curves using the technique, which today is called “Tafel slope extrapolation” and from the amount of hydrogen evolved. These experimental results were considered proof for the general postulations of the mixed potential theory.
228 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the tribological properties of CNT reinforced with CNTs were investigated by means of scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS).
Abstract: Aluminum composites reinforced with CNTs were fabricated by pressureless infiltration process and the tribological properties of the composites were investigated. Al has been infiltrated into CNTs–Mg–Al preform by pressureless infiltration in N2 atmosphere at 800 °C. By means of scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS), it was found that CNTs are well dispersed and embedded in the Al matrix. The friction and wear behaviors of the composite were investigated using a pin-on-disk wear tester under unlubricated condition. The tests were conducted at a sliding speed of 0.1571 m/s under an applied load of 30 N. The experimental results indicated that the friction coefficient of the composite decreased with increasing the volume fraction of CNTs due to the self-lubrication and unique topological structure of CNTs. Within the range of CNTs volume fraction from 0% to 20%, the wear rate of the composite decreased steadily with the increase of CNTs content in the composite. The favorable effects of CNTs on wear resistance are attributed to their excellent mechanical properties, being well dispersed in the composite and the efficiency of the reinforcement of CNTs.
203 citations