Production and accumulation of calcium carbonate in the ocean: Budget of a nonsteady state
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...jpg" NDATA ITEM> ]> The formation of calcareous skeletons by marine planktonic organisms and their subsequent sinking to depth generates a continuous rain of calcium carbonate to the deep ocean and underlying sediment...
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...Further, deep ocean concentrations of major nutrients and DIC are tightly correlated, with the existing ratios closely (but not exactly, see Section 3.2.3.3) matching the nutritional requirements of marine organisms (the “Redfield ratios”: Redfield et al., 1963)....
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...Part of this is returned to DIC through autotrophic respiration, with the remainder being net primary production, estimated on the basis of global remote sensing data 197The Carbon Cycle and Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Box 3.3: The varying CO2 uptake capacity of the ocean....
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...These mechanisms, often referred to as the biological pump, maintain higher DIC concentrations at depth and cause atmospheric CO2 concentrations to be about 200 ppm lower than would be the case in the absence of such mechanisms (Sarmiento and Toggweiler, 1984; Maier-Reimer et al., 1996)....
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...Export of CaCO3 to the deep ocean is a smaller flux than total export production (0.4 PgC/yr) but about half of this carbon is buried as CaCO3 in sediments; the other half is dissolved at depth, and joins the pool of DIC (Milliman, 1993)....
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...Milliman (1993) estimated a global production of CaCO3 of 0.7 PgC/yr, with roughly equivalent amounts produced in shallow water and surface waters of the deep ocean....
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