Production of Extracellular Xylanase from Intestinal Bacteria in Termite
TL;DR: Results strongly indicated that the bacterium from the intestine in termite is able synthesize xylanase activity on various substrate and the enzyme production can be increased by optimizing the overall cultivation parameters.
Abstract: Although the involvement of intestinal bacteria in the degradation of lignocellulosic materials is poorly understood xylanolytic activity of termite has been studied extensively. The present study was designed to identify potential xylanolytic bacteria from termite intestine and the isolated bacterium was studied with a view to preparing low cost medium and optimizing the cultural conditions in Dubos liquid medium. The bacterium produced highest activity of the enzyme (0.86 U/ml) on birchwood xylan as carbon substrate. Wheat bran a relatively cheap lignocellulosic material was found as good inducer of the enzyme. When grown on 4% wheat bran in Dubos liquid medium with an initial pH 6.0 under shaking incubation at 200 rpm at 40°C for 24 h, the bacterium produced the maximum activity of the extracellular xylanase (1.5 U/ml). These results strongly indicated that the bacterium from the intestine in termite is able synthesize xylanase activity on various substrate and the enzyme production can be increased by optimizing the overall cultivation parameters. Keywords: Xylanase; Termite intestinal bacteria DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v25i2.4874 Bangladesh J Microbiol , Volume 25, Number 2, December 2008, pp 123-127
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TL;DR: The pulp bleaching ability of the enzyme was calculated and from the treatment with the enzyme for a time period of 120 minutes there is a significant reduction in kappa number, which passes to apply xylanase enzyme in the paper industry instead of chemicals for bleaching.
Abstract: Termites play a major role in tropical and subtropical ecosystems. They depend on plants debris and decaying wood for nutrition and helps in recycling the nutrition back to the ecosystem. Since the wood consist of various types of hemicelluloses compounds which highly varies in structure and properties, there is a need for a wide range of digestive enzymes and the termites cannot produce all the enzymes. They are dependent on the symbiotic microbes for the complete digestion of the consumed wood matter. These microbes found in the guts are able to synthesis enzymes, which are good both in quality and quantity. In this study the microbes capable of producing xylanase enzyme was screened and the most potential strain (zone of clearance 2.1cm) was isolated by Congo red dye staining. Such microbe was identified as actinomycetes by using 16s rRNA sequencing and this sequence was searched for similar matches using multiple sequence alignment in BLAST tool. The actinomycetes species was identified as Streptomyces avidinii and it was further used for the production of the enzyme. The optimum enzyme activity was observed in sixth day culture with a concentration of 0.5% Birchwood Xylan. The produced enzyme was then partially purified by using Ammonium sulfate precipitation followed by dialysis. The pulp bleaching ability of the enzyme was calculated from the treatment with the enzyme for a time period of 120 minutes there is a significant reduction in kappa number from 67.66 to 34.58. This passes to apply xylanase enzyme in the paper industry instead of chemicals for bleaching.
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TL;DR: The adaptation strategies of the extremophilic xylanases isolated to date and the potential industrial applications of these enzymes will also be presented.
Abstract: Xylanases are hydrolytic enzymes which randomly cleave the β 1,4 backbone of the complex plant cell wall polysaccharide xylan. Diverse forms of these enzymes exist, displaying varying folds, mechanisms of action, substrate specificities, hydrolytic activities (yields, rates and products) and physicochemical characteristics. Research has mainly focused on only two of the xylanase containing glycoside hydrolase families, namely families 10 and 11, yet enzymes with xylanase activity belonging to families 5, 7, 8 and 43 have also been identified and studied, albeit to a lesser extent. Driven by industrial demands for enzymes that can operate under process conditions, a number of extremophilic xylanases have been isolated, in particular those from thermophiles, alkaliphiles and acidiphiles, while little attention has been paid to cold-adapted xylanases. Here, the diverse physicochemical and functional characteristics, as well as the folds and mechanisms of action of all six xylanase containing families will be discussed. The adaptation strategies of the extremophilic xylanases isolated to date and the potential industrial applications of these enzymes will also be presented.
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