Progress in biofuel production from gasification
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...At present, it is considered to be the most complete technology for transportation biofuel production [21] FT Synthesis produces several hydrocarbons, paraffin, and olefins such as methane, ethane, ethylene, LPG (C3–C5), fuel (C5–C12), gasoline (C13–C22), and waxes (C23–C33)....
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...They are classified as bubbling fluidized bed gasifiers and dual bed gasifiers with separated chambers [21,103]....
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...A simplified gasification reaction is reported below (Equation (1)) [21] and the main reactions are collected in Table 1 [20,21,23,29–31]....
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...Downdraft gasifiers produce low-tar and low-particulate syngas [95] but their main drawbacks include a difficult control of temperature [24], moreover biomass with low moisture content (<20–25% w/w) [21,96] and with low ash content [97,98] is required, as well as homogeneity of biomass input [20,41]....
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...By means of acid catalysts, such as γ-Al2O3 [182–184], or the addition of additives such as ferrite or tungsten to Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 catalysts [185,186], the following methanol synthesis reaction occurs [21,187]:...
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