Progress in oxygen carrier development of methane-based chemical-looping reforming: A review
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors comprehensively review the recent advances for chemical-looping reforming of CH4 (CLR) technology, which breaks down the traditional CH4 reforming process (including steam and dry reforming) into two separate half-steps, namely CH4 oxidation and replenishment of oxygen carrier (OC) with appropriate oxidizing agents.
About: This article is published in Applied Energy.The article was published on 2015-08-01 and is currently open access. It has received 382 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Carbon dioxide reforming & Partial oxidation.
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a critical review of the current state of the arts of hydrogen supply chain as a forwarding energy vector, comprising its resources, generation and storage technologies, demand market, and economics.
Abstract: Hydrogen is known as a technically viable and benign energy vector for applications ranging from the small-scale power supply in off-grid modes to large-scale chemical energy exports. However, with hydrogen being naturally unavailable in its pure form, traditionally reliant industries such as oil refining and fertilisers have sourced it through emission-intensive gasification and reforming of fossil fuels. Although the deployment of hydrogen as an alternative energy vector has long been discussed, it has not been realised because of the lack of low-cost hydrogen generation and conversion technologies. The recent tipping point in the cost of some renewable energy technologies such as wind and photovoltaics (PV) has mobilised continuing sustained interest in renewable hydrogen through water splitting. This paper presents a critical review of the current state of the arts of hydrogen supply chain as a forwarding energy vector, comprising its resources, generation and storage technologies, demand market, and economics.
410 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a review provides a contemporary assessment of progresses recorded on synergistic interplay among catalyst components (active metals, support, promoters and binders) during dry reforming using state-of-the-art experimental and theoretical techniques.
Abstract: The abrupt and massive deactivation of methane dry reforming catalysts especially Ni-based is still a monumental impediment towards its industrialization and commercialization for production of value-added syngas via Fischer-Tropsch process. The need for further and more critical understanding of inherent and tailored interactions of catalyst components for performance and stability enhancement during reforming reaction cannot be over-emphasized. This review provides a contemporary assessment of progresses recorded on synergistic interplay among catalyst components (active metals, support, promoters and binders) during dry reforming using state-of-the-art experimental and theoretical techniques. Advancements achieved during interplay leading to improvements in properties of existing catalysts and discovery of novel ones were stated and expatiated. Reaction pathways, catalytic activities, selection of appropriate synthesis route and metal/support deactivation via sintering or carbon deposition have over time been successfully studied and explained using information from these crucial component interactions. This perspective describes the roles of these interactions and their applications towards development of robust catalysts configurations for successful industrial applications.
367 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the benefits, challenges, and prospects of biomass-based chemical looping technologies in various configurations have been discussed in-depth to provide important insight into the development of innovative BECCS technologies based on chemical loops.
Abstract: Biomass is a promising renewable energy resource despite its low energy density, high moisture content and complex ash components The use of biomass in energy production is considered to be approximately carbon neutral, and if it is combined with carbon capture technology, the overall energy conversion may even be negative in terms of net CO2 emission, which is known as BECCS (bioenergy with carbon capture and storage) The initial development of BECCS technologies often proposes the installation of a CO2 capture unit downstream of the conventional thermochemical conversion processes, which comprise combustion, pyrolysis or gasification Although these approaches would benefit from the adaptation of already well developed energy conversion processes and CO2 capture technologies, they are limited in terms of materials and energy integration as well as systems engineering, which could lead to truly disruptive technologies for BECCS Recently, a new generation of transformative energy conversion technologies including chemical looping have been developed In particular, chemical looping employs solid looping materials and it uniquely allows inherent capture of CO2 during the conversion of fuels In this review, the benefits, challenges, and prospects of biomass-based chemical looping technologies in various configurations have been discussed in-depth to provide important insight into the development of innovative BECCS technologies based on chemical looping
356 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the use of oxygen carriers or redox catalysts for chemical production has been investigated and shown to offer significant opportunities for process intensification and exergy loss minimization.
Abstract: As a promising approach for carbon dioxide capture, chemical looping combustion has been extensively investigated for more than two decades. However, the chemical looping strategy can be and has been extended well beyond carbon capture. In fact, significant impacts on emission reduction, energy conservation, and value-creation can be anticipated from chemical looping beyond combustion (CLBC). This article aims to demonstrate the versatility and transformational benefits of CLBC. Specifically, we focus on the use of oxygen carriers or redox catalysts for chemical production – a $4 trillion industry that consumes 40.9 quadrillion BTU of energy. Compared to state-of-the-art chemical production technologies, we illustrate that chemical looping offers significant opportunities for process intensification and exergy loss minimization. In many cases, an order of magnitude reduction in energy consumption and CO2 emission can be realized without the needs for carbon dioxide capture. In addition to providing various CLBC examples, this article elaborates on generalized design principles for CLBC, potential benefits and pitfalls, as well as redox catalyst selection, design, optimization, and redox reaction mechanism.
295 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors give an overview on the recent advances of two categories, chemical looping reforming (CLR) and Chemical looping hydrogen production (CLH), and the existing technical problems and the aspects of future research of each approach are also summarized.
Abstract: Hydrogen is an attractive energy carrier due to its potentially high energy efficiency and low generation of pollutants, which can be used for transportation and stationary power generation. However, hydrogen is not readily available in sufficient quantities and the production cost is still high. Steam methane reforming (SMR) process is now the most widely used technology for H 2 production, but this process is complex and cannot get thorough carbon capture. Hydrogen production using chemical looping technology has received a great deal of attention in recent years because it can produce hydrogen with higher process efficiency and can capture carbon dioxide. Many researchers have carried out intensive research work on the hydrogen production processes using chemical looping technology. Based on the previous studies stated in the literature, the authors try to give an overview on the recent advances of two categories, chemical looping reforming (CLR) and chemical looping hydrogen production (CLH) processes. Besides, the characteristics of the processes are pointed out based on the comparison with the conventional SMR process. The existing technical problems and the aspects of future research of each approach are also summarized.
294 citations
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TL;DR: A comprehensive review of the Chemical-Looping Combustion (CLC) and ChemicalLooping Reforming (CLR) processes reporting the main advances in these technologies up to 2010 is presented in this article.
1,926 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a design of a boiler with chemical-looping combustion is proposed, which involves two interconnected fluidized beds, a high-velocity riser and a lowvelocity bed.
940 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a review of recent advances on chemical-looping combustion (CLC) is presented, which is a promising technology for fossil fuel combustion preventing CO 2 dilution with flue gases, mainly nitrogen.
899 citations
01 Jan 2002
852 citations