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Prolegomena to Library Classification

About: The article was published on 1967-01-01 and is currently open access. It has received 431 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Library of Congress Classification & Dewey Decimal Classification.

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: After making the case that phenomena can be the primary unit of classification (Part 1), some basic principles to group and sort phenomena are considered and a list of twenty-six layers is proposed to form the main classes of the Integrative Levels Classification system.
Abstract: After making the case that phenomena can be the primary unit of classification (Part 1), some basic principles to group and sort phenomena are considered. Entities can be grouped together on the basis of both their similarity (morphology) and their common origin (phylogeny). The resulting groups will form the classical hierarchical chains of types and subtypes. At every hierarchical degree, phenomena can form ordered sets (arrays), where their sorting can reflect levels of increasing organization, corresponding to an evolutionary order of appearance (emergence). The theory of levels of reality has been investigated by many philosophers and applied to knowledge organization systems by various authors, which are briefly reviewed. At the broadest degree, it allows to identify some major strata of phenomena (forms, matter, life, minds, societies and culture) in turn divided into layers. A list of twenty-six layers is proposed to form the main classes of the Integrative Levels Classification system. A combination of morphology and phylogeny can determine whether a given phenomenon should be a type of an existing level, or a level on its own. Received: 5 October 2016; Revised 20 December 2016; Accepted 11 January 2017

26 citations


Cites methods from "Prolegomena to Library Classificati..."

  • ...By applying division into subclasses several times, a chain of classes can be generated (the term “chain” is adopted after Ranganathan, 1967, section CF)....

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Book ChapterDOI
16 Jan 2006
TL;DR: This work creates a scientific knowledge management environment in which researchers may share their data, experiences, ideas, process definition and execution, and obtain all the necessary information to execute their tasks, make decisions, learn and disseminate knowledge.
Abstract: Research centers and universities are knowledge-intensive institutions, where the knowledge creation and distribution are constant – and this knowledge should be managed In spite of it, scientific work had been known for being solitary work, in which human interaction happened only in small groups within a research domain Nowadays, due to technology improvements, scientific data from different sources is available, communication between researchers is facilitated and scientific information creation and exchange is faster than in the past However, the focus on information exchange is too limited to create systems that enable true cooperation and knowledge management in scientific environments To facilitate a more expressive exchanging, sharing and dissemination of knowledge and its management, we create a scientific knowledge management environment in which researchers may share their data, experiences, ideas, process definition and execution, and obtain all the necessary information to execute their tasks, make decisions, learn and disseminate knowledge

25 citations


Cites background from "Prolegomena to Library Classificati..."

  • ...We have had important progresses in classification theory, as facets Ranganathan [15, 16], concept theory [9, 8] and terminology theory [22;4], and, more recently, principles of ontology construction have been improving the knowledge organization area in the information technology context [5; 3]....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A elaboracao de um tesauro implica bases classificatorias e as categorias fundamentais, which permit correto posicionamento dos conceitos, and a definicao de cada conceito and o elemento que vai comprovar objetivamente tanto as relacoes hierarquicas como as partitivas e associativas com outros conceito.
Abstract: Historicamente, o tesauro documentario surgiu como uma relacao estruturada de termos constituidos, quase exclusivamente, de uma unica palavra. Posteriormente evoluiu para algumas palavras compostas sem, no entanto, estabelecer bases para isso. A elaboracao de um tesauro implica bases classificatorias e as categorias fundamentais permitem correto posicionamento dos conceitos nas classes e a organizacao de dominio; e a definicao de cada conceito e o elemento que vai comprovar objetivamente tanto as relacoes hierarquicas como as partitivas e associativas com outros conceitos.

23 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a feminist deconstruction reveals that the boundary between uniformity and diversity of language is artificial or constructed and that any such boundary is exclusionary, and provides an example of such a deconstruction as a methodology.

22 citations

01 Mar 2011
TL;DR: This paper introduces a faceted knowledge organization framework called DERA (for Domain, Entity, Relation, Attribute) and describes its implementation inside a system, called UK, which is extensible and scalable and which allows for fully automated reasoning via a direct encoding into Description Logics (DL).
Abstract: The availability of a priori knowledge, also called background knowledge, is fundamental for the functioning of semantics based systems In this paper we introduce a faceted knowledge organization framework called DERA (for Domain, Entity, Relation, Attribute) and describe its implementation inside a system, called UK (for Universal Knowledge) which is extensible and scalable and which allows for fully automated reasoning via a direct encoding into Description Logics (DL) Extendibility and scalability is obtained by allowing the definition of any number of domains, where a domain is taken to be an area of knowledge or field of study that we are interested in or that we are communicating about In turn, a domain is organized into a number of facets where a facet is taken to be a hierarchy of homogeneous terms describing an aspect of the knowledge being codified, where each term denotes a primitive atomic concept‖ Domains, facets, terms can be added at any time, and the different applications can use any subset of them The direct encoding of DERA into DL is obtained by allowing only three types of facets (ie, Entity, Relation, Attribute) which can be directly translated into DL concepts, roles, attributes, or into instances whose properties are encoded using the terms occurring in the facets themselves The current implementation of UK contains around 377 Domains, out of which 115 are in priority for development, more than 150,000 terms (encoding concepts, relations and attributes), around 10,000,000 instances and more than 93,000,000 axioms codified using the terms codified in the DERA facets

22 citations


Cites background or methods from "Prolegomena to Library Classificati..."

  • ...UK, its domains, its facets should be designed following the Analytico-synthetic approach, a well established methodology from the Library Science which has been successfully used for several decades for the classification of books [8]....

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  • ...The Classification Research Group (1960s), in its Bibliographical Classification System [27], further refined the Ranganathan‘s fundamental categories into thirteen categories: Thing/entity, Kind, Part, Property, Material, Process, Operation, Patient, Product, By-product, Agent, Space, and Time....

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  • ...Each element of a subject provides an independent aspect of possible interest to an enquirer and these separately listed aspects are known as ̳ ̳facets‘‘ [8, 11]....

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  • ...Ranganathan (1933), in his colon classification defined five fundamental categories in which to arrange facets: Personality [P], Matter [M], Energy [E], Space [S] and Time [T], plus an additional category to characterize the domain, called Basic Subject [BS]....

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  • ...DERA uses the Analytico-synthetic approach and as such, it is a direct evolution of Ranganathan‘s Colon Classification [22] which is where we focus our comparison in the following of this section....

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