Properties and thermal behavior of natural deep eutectic solvents
TL;DR: In this article, the properties of natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) have been investigated at the molecular level, including their properties such as density, thermal behavior, conductivity and polarity.
About: This article is published in Journal of Molecular Liquids.The article was published on 2016-03-01. It has received 224 citations till now.
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TL;DR: A detailed review of the current literature reveals the lack of predictive understanding of the microscopic mechanisms that govern the structure-property relationships in deep eutectic solvents, and highlights recent research efforts to elucidate the next steps needed to develop a fundamental framework needed for a deeper understanding.
Abstract: Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are an emerging class of mixtures characterized by significant depressions in melting points compared to those of the neat constituent components. These materials are promising for applications as inexpensive "designer" solvents exhibiting a host of tunable physicochemical properties. A detailed review of the current literature reveals the lack of predictive understanding of the microscopic mechanisms that govern the structure-property relationships in this class of solvents. Complex hydrogen bonding is postulated as the root cause of their melting point depressions and physicochemical properties; to understand these hydrogen bonded networks, it is imperative to study these systems as dynamic entities using both simulations and experiments. This review emphasizes recent research efforts in order to elucidate the next steps needed to develop a fundamental framework needed for a deeper understanding of DESs. It covers recent developments in DES research, frames outstanding scientific questions, and identifies promising research thrusts aligned with the advancement of the field toward predictive models and fundamental understanding of these solvents.
911 citations
TL;DR: This review focuses on NADES properties and applications in NP research and identifies potential areas for future studies of (NA)DES by evaluating relevant applications, including their use as extraction and chromatographic media as well as their biomedical relevance.
Abstract: As functional liquid media, natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES) species can dissolve natural or synthetic chemicals of low water solubility. Moreover, the special properties of NADES, such as biodegradability and biocompatibility, suggest that they are alternative candidates for concepts and applications involving some organic solvents and ionic liquids. Owing to the growing comprehension of the eutectic mechanisms and the advancing interest in the natural eutectic phenomenon, many NADES applications have been developed in the past several years. However, unlike organic solvents, the basic structural unit of NADES media primarily depends on the intermolecular interactions among their components. This makes NADES matrices readily influenced by various factors, such as water content, temperature, and component ratio and, thus, extends the metabolomic challenge of natural products (NPs). To enhance the understanding of the importance of NADES in biological systems, this review focuses on NADES properties a...
581 citations
TL;DR: Deep eutectic solvents (DES) have been applied as extraction Solvents for PC because they can establish a strong hydrogen bond network and are suitable for cosmetics, pharmaceutical, or food applications.
Abstract: The green chemistry era has pushed the scientific community to investigate and implement new solvents in phenolic compounds (PC) extraction as alternatives to organic solvents, which are toxic and may be dangerous. Recently, deep eutectic solvents (DES) have been applied as extraction solvents for PC. They have the advantages of biodegradability and ease of handling with very low toxicity. Nevertheless, the extraction process is affected by several factors: affinity between DES and the target compounds, the water content, the mole ratio between DES’ starting molecules, the liquid/solid ratio between the DES and sample, and the conditions and extraction method. On the other hand, PC recovery from DES is a challenge because they can establish a strong hydrogen bond network. Alternatively, another possibility is to use DES as solvent extraction as well as formulation medium. In this way, DES can be suitable for cosmetics, pharmaceutical, or food applications.
419 citations
TL;DR: Deep eutectic solvents (DES) as discussed by the authors have proven to offer tremendous opportunities and have opened new perspectives to produce novel and refined materials, such as polymer, metal deposition and nanomaterial science and sensing technologies.
393 citations
Cites background from "Properties and thermal behavior of ..."
...Comparatively few physicochemical characterizations of this particular class of DES is available [47,49]....
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...In 2016 [47], a comprehensive body of data on NADES based on ChCl, organic acids, amino acids and sugars was published....
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TL;DR: This review is the first of its kind, and it describes the properties of these mixtures with ample focus on their toxicity profiles and provides an overview of the breakthroughs that have occurred and the foreseeable prospects of the use of DESs in various biotechnological and biological applications.
316 citations
Cites background from "Properties and thermal behavior of ..."
...At the moment it is still difficult to categorize these mixtures as DESs in the proper sense of the term (according to the general formula of DESs), because only a few physicochemical characterizations of NADESs exist (Craveiro et al., 2016)....
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...However, the available literature does not provide sufficient evidence for the previous generalization concerning the phases of NADESs, because the area is relatively new, and very few physical characterization studies have been conducted (Craveiro et al., 2016; Dai et al., 2013, 2015)....
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...the available literature does not provide sufficient evidence for the previous generalization concerning the phases of NADESs, because the area is relatively new, and very few physical characterization studies have been conducted (Craveiro et al., 2016; Dai et al., 2013, 2015)....
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References
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TL;DR: Based on the results the novel NADES may be expected as potential green solvents at room temperature in diverse fields of chemistry.
1,614 citations
TL;DR: Deep Eutectic Solvents (DES) as discussed by the authors are a class of solvents that can be defined as a mixture of two or more components, which at a particular composition present a high melting point depression becoming liquids at room temperature.
Abstract: Green technology actively seeks new solvents to replace common organic solvents that present inherent toxicity and have high volatility, leading to evaporation of volatile organic compounds to the atmosphere. Over the past two decades, ionic liquids (ILs) have gained enormous attention from the scientific community, and the number of reported articles in the literature has grown exponentially. Nevertheless, IL “greenness” is often challenged, mainly due to their poor biodegradability, biocompatibility, and sustainability. An alternative to ILs are deep eutectic solvents (DES). Deep eutectic solvents are defined as a mixture of two or more components, which may be solid or liquid and that at a particular composition present a high melting point depression becoming liquids at room temperature. When the compounds that constitute the DES are primary metabolites, namely, aminoacids, organic acids, sugars, or choline derivatives, the DES are so called natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES). NADES fully represen...
1,439 citations
TL;DR: Ionic liquids are a fascinating class of novel solvents, which are attracting attention as a possible green alternative to volatile molecular organic solutions to be applied in catalytic and organic reactions and electrochemical and separation processes as mentioned in this paper.
1,051 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, a compendium of thermal analysis and calorimetry has been published with the aim of providing a source of information describing the basic principles and current state of the art.
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981 citations
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