Properties Of Concrete
01 Jan 2016-
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TL;DR: In this paper, the thermal, mechanical, deformation, and spalling properties of concrete are discussed, and various properties that influence fire resistance performance, together with the role of these properties on fire resistance, are discussed.
Abstract: Fire response of concrete structural members is dependent on the thermal, mechanical, and deformation properties of concrete. These properties vary significantly with temperature and also depend on the composition and characteristics of concrete batch mix as well as heating rate and other environmental conditions. In this chapter, the key characteristics of concrete are outlined. The various properties that influence fire resistance performance, together with the role of these properties on fire resistance, are discussed. The variation of thermal, mechanical, deformation, and spalling properties with temperature for different types of concrete are presented.
438 citations
Cites background from "Properties Of Concrete"
...Tensile strength of concrete is dependent on almost same factors as compressive strength of concrete [28, 29]....
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TL;DR: In this paper, a modified Andreasen & Andersen particle packing model is used to achieve a densely compacted cementitious matrix, and the results show that the influence of FA, ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS) and limestone powder (LP) on the early hydration kinetics of UHPC is very similar during the initial five days, while the hydration rate of the blends with GGBS is mostly accelerated afterwards.
Abstract: This paper addresses the development of an eco-friendly Ultra-High Performance Concrete (UHPC) with efficient cement and mineral admixtures uses are investigated. The modified Andreasen & Andersen particle packing model is utilized to achieve a densely compacted cementitious matrix. Fly ash (FA), ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS) and limestone powder (LP) are used to replace cement, and their effects on the properties of the designed UHPC are analyzed. The results show that the influence of FA, GGBS or LP on the early hydration kinetics of the UHPC is very similar during the initial five days, while the hydration rate of the blends with GGBS is mostly accelerated afterwards. Moreover, the mechanical properties of the mixture with GGBS are superior, compared to that with FA or LP at both 28 and 91 days. Due to the very low water amount and relatively large superplasticizer dosage in UHPC, the pozzolanic reaction of FA is significantly retarded. Additionally, the calculations of the embedded CO2 emission demonstrate that the cement and mineral admixtures are efficiently used in the developed UHPC, which reduce its environmental impact compared to other UHPCs found in the literature.
408 citations
Cites background or result from "Properties Of Concrete"
...On the other hand, when the water content is higher, the excessive water can obviously enhance the porosity of concrete, as described in [27]....
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...This phenomenon is different from that shown in [27]....
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TL;DR: In this article, a review summarises the state of the art regarding the understanding and consequences of carbonation of cement paste and summarises recent efforts regarding active use of carbonations as a tool for manipulating certain properties of cement based materials.
387 citations
Cites background or methods from "Properties Of Concrete"
...On the other hand, blended cement pastes show a denser microstructure compared to Portland cement paste [1]....
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...slag, or silica fume) are used as (partial) replacements to Portland cement, CH is consumed in a pozzolanic reaction, which also produces C-S-H gel [1, 53]....
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...Carbonation shrinkage and cracking Shrinkage of the cement paste can result as a consequence of carbonation [1, 82-84]....
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...Similar findings were reported for concrete [1, 19, 58, 59]....
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...It is commonly said that carbonation reaches its highest rate at a relative humidity between 50 and 70% [1]....
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a comprehensive review of the mechanism of crack formation and propagation, compressive strength, modulus of elasticity, stress-strain behavior, tensile strength (TS), flexural strength, drying shrinkage, creep, electrical resistance, and chloride migration resistance of high performance fiber reinforced concrete.
Abstract: In recent years, an emerging technology termed, “High-Performance Fiber-Reinforced Concrete (HPFRC)” has become popular in the construction industry. The materials used in HPFRC depend on the desired characteristics and the availability of suitable local economic alternative materials. Concrete is a common building material, generally weak in tension, often ridden with cracks due to plastic and drying shrinkage. The introduction of short discrete fibers into the concrete can be used to counteract and prevent the propagation of cracks. Despite an increase in interest to use HPFRC in concrete structures, some doubts still remain regarding the effect of fibers on the properties of concrete. This paper presents the most comprehensive review to date on the mechanical, physical, and durability-related features of concrete. Specifically, this literature review aims to provide a comprehensive review of the mechanism of crack formation and propagation, compressive strength, modulus of elasticity, stress–strain behavior, tensile strength (TS), flexural strength, drying shrinkage, creep, electrical resistance, and chloride migration resistance of HPFRC. In general, the addition of fibers in high-performance concrete has been proven to improve the mechanical properties of concrete, particularly the TS, flexural strength, and ductility performance. Furthermore, incorporation of fibers in concrete results in reductions in the shrinkage and creep deformations of concrete. However, it has been shown that fibers may also have negative effects on some properties of concrete, such as the workability, which get reduced with the addition of steel fibers. The addition of fibers, particularly steel fibers, due to their conductivity leads to a significant reduction in the electrical resistivity of the concrete, and it also results in some reduction in the chloride penetration resistance of the concrete.
350 citations
Cites background from "Properties Of Concrete"
...John Wiley & Sons, New York [176] Neville AM (2005) Properties of concrete, 14th edn....
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...In the case of high-strength concrete, it has been found to be straight up to 85 % or more of the peak stress [176]....
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the use of coal ash in concrete to replace sand with bottom ash waste and cement with fly ash and concluded that those experimental concrete mixes can be used in several structures (foundations, subbases, pavements, etc.) which will minimize the cost, energy and environmental problems to a great extent.
324 citations
Cites result from "Properties Of Concrete"
...Comparing pulse velocity values obtained in this study with pulse velocity values given in Neville [30], the quality of concrete made with CBA and CFA can be graded as good....
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References
More filters
TL;DR: In this paper, the thermal, mechanical, deformation, and spalling properties of concrete are discussed, and various properties that influence fire resistance performance, together with the role of these properties on fire resistance, are discussed.
Abstract: Fire response of concrete structural members is dependent on the thermal, mechanical, and deformation properties of concrete. These properties vary significantly with temperature and also depend on the composition and characteristics of concrete batch mix as well as heating rate and other environmental conditions. In this chapter, the key characteristics of concrete are outlined. The various properties that influence fire resistance performance, together with the role of these properties on fire resistance, are discussed. The variation of thermal, mechanical, deformation, and spalling properties with temperature for different types of concrete are presented.
438 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a modified Andreasen & Andersen particle packing model is used to achieve a densely compacted cementitious matrix, and the results show that the influence of FA, ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS) and limestone powder (LP) on the early hydration kinetics of UHPC is very similar during the initial five days, while the hydration rate of the blends with GGBS is mostly accelerated afterwards.
Abstract: This paper addresses the development of an eco-friendly Ultra-High Performance Concrete (UHPC) with efficient cement and mineral admixtures uses are investigated. The modified Andreasen & Andersen particle packing model is utilized to achieve a densely compacted cementitious matrix. Fly ash (FA), ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS) and limestone powder (LP) are used to replace cement, and their effects on the properties of the designed UHPC are analyzed. The results show that the influence of FA, GGBS or LP on the early hydration kinetics of the UHPC is very similar during the initial five days, while the hydration rate of the blends with GGBS is mostly accelerated afterwards. Moreover, the mechanical properties of the mixture with GGBS are superior, compared to that with FA or LP at both 28 and 91 days. Due to the very low water amount and relatively large superplasticizer dosage in UHPC, the pozzolanic reaction of FA is significantly retarded. Additionally, the calculations of the embedded CO2 emission demonstrate that the cement and mineral admixtures are efficiently used in the developed UHPC, which reduce its environmental impact compared to other UHPCs found in the literature.
408 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a review summarises the state of the art regarding the understanding and consequences of carbonation of cement paste and summarises recent efforts regarding active use of carbonations as a tool for manipulating certain properties of cement based materials.
387 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a comprehensive review of the mechanism of crack formation and propagation, compressive strength, modulus of elasticity, stress-strain behavior, tensile strength (TS), flexural strength, drying shrinkage, creep, electrical resistance, and chloride migration resistance of high performance fiber reinforced concrete.
Abstract: In recent years, an emerging technology termed, “High-Performance Fiber-Reinforced Concrete (HPFRC)” has become popular in the construction industry. The materials used in HPFRC depend on the desired characteristics and the availability of suitable local economic alternative materials. Concrete is a common building material, generally weak in tension, often ridden with cracks due to plastic and drying shrinkage. The introduction of short discrete fibers into the concrete can be used to counteract and prevent the propagation of cracks. Despite an increase in interest to use HPFRC in concrete structures, some doubts still remain regarding the effect of fibers on the properties of concrete. This paper presents the most comprehensive review to date on the mechanical, physical, and durability-related features of concrete. Specifically, this literature review aims to provide a comprehensive review of the mechanism of crack formation and propagation, compressive strength, modulus of elasticity, stress–strain behavior, tensile strength (TS), flexural strength, drying shrinkage, creep, electrical resistance, and chloride migration resistance of HPFRC. In general, the addition of fibers in high-performance concrete has been proven to improve the mechanical properties of concrete, particularly the TS, flexural strength, and ductility performance. Furthermore, incorporation of fibers in concrete results in reductions in the shrinkage and creep deformations of concrete. However, it has been shown that fibers may also have negative effects on some properties of concrete, such as the workability, which get reduced with the addition of steel fibers. The addition of fibers, particularly steel fibers, due to their conductivity leads to a significant reduction in the electrical resistivity of the concrete, and it also results in some reduction in the chloride penetration resistance of the concrete.
350 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the use of coal ash in concrete to replace sand with bottom ash waste and cement with fly ash and concluded that those experimental concrete mixes can be used in several structures (foundations, subbases, pavements, etc.) which will minimize the cost, energy and environmental problems to a great extent.
324 citations