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Journal ArticleDOI

Properties of infectious ribonucleic acid from wheat streak mosaic virus.

01 Nov 1970-Virology (Virology)-Vol. 42, Iss: 3, pp 699-706
TL;DR: Nucleic acid was prepared by treating wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) with sodium dodecyl sulfate and bentonite at pH 9.0 and was susceptible to hydrolysis by 10 −6 μg of ribonuclease per milliliter.
About: This article is published in Virology.The article was published on 1970-11-01. It has received 82 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Wheat streak mosaic virus & Tobacco mosaic virus.
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Comparison of the PVY polyprotein sequence with that of other potyvirus polyproteins shows similarities in genome organization and a high level of identity along most of the polyprotein, except for the putative proteins flanking the helper component.
Abstract: SUMMARY The complete nucleotide sequence of the genomic RNA of the potyvirus potato virus Y strain N (PVYn) was obtained from cloned cDNAs. This sequence is 9704 nucleotides long and can encode a polyprotein of 3063 amino acids. The positions of the cleavage sites at the N terminus of the capsid and cytoplasmic inclusion proteins have been determined. Other putative protein cleavage sites have been deduced by searching for consensus sequences and by analogy with the polyprotein of the tobacco vein mottling virus and of the tobacco etch virus. Comparison of the PVY polyprotein sequence with that of other potyvirus polyproteins shows similarities in genome organization and a high level of identity along most of the polyprotein, except for the putative proteins flanking the helper component. A search for specific protein motifs has revealed the existence of a potential metal-binding site at the putative N terminus of the helper component in potyviruses. The possible functions of this structure are discussed.

333 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: From a biochemical and molecular biological perspective, some potyvi­ ruses are unequaled for the large amounts of viral-encoded, nonstructural proteins that are synthesized and aggregate into stable forms during infection.
Abstract: The potato virus Y or potyvirus group is the largest known group of plant viral pathogens. Conditional on the criteria used to define a distinct virus, there may be over 100 different members of this group (34, 48). Economic losses attributed to potyvirus infection can be significant; however, potyviruses are frequently present as part of the natural pathogen population causing chronic reductions in yield and/or quality (48). All members of the potyvirus group share common features (34, 48). The virus particle or virion has a flexuous rod shape and is usually 700-900nm in length and 12-15nm in diameter (48). Potyvirus genomes are unicomponent and the genetic information is contained in a single-stranded, infectious RNA molecule that is approximately 10,000 nucleotides in length (4, 12, 23). The genome of all potyviruses encodes for a protein that aggregates in the cyto­ plasm during infection in the form of pinwheelor scroll-shaped inclusion bodies (18, 34). Additionally, infection by some potyviruses results in the formation of other types of inclusion bodies (18, 34). Potyviruses can be mechanically transmitted, and most members of this group are transmitted by aphids in a nonpersistent, noncirculative manner; transmission in seed or by mites and dodder has been reported (48). From a biochemical and molecular biological perspective, some potyvi­ ruses are unequaled for the large amounts of viral-encoded, nonstructural proteins that are synthesized and aggregate into stable forms during infection. Therefore they offer a unique opportunity to examine the expression and function of viral-encoded, nonstructural proteins (Table 1).

303 citations

Book ChapterDOI
TL;DR: Special attention is devoted in this chapter to the diseases occurring in the Western Hemisphere, particularly to those prevailing in the Caribbean and in Central and South America.
Abstract: Publisher Summary Whitefly-borne diseases of plants cause great concern in many tropical areas. The fact that beans, soybeans, pigeon peas, and other edible legumes, which are primary sources of protein for the diet of many people in the tropics, fall prey to some of these agents who has prompted local governments and international agencies to institute programs for their study and control. Increased incidence and ample dissemination of bean yellow mosaic (BGYM) in the Pacific watersheds of Guatemala, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and Panama were noted.. An increased incidence of diseases caused by whitefly-transmitted agents in the Western Hemisphere has been noted by Costa et al. and Costa, who postulated that in Brazil this could well be due to an abnormal augmentation in the population density of B. tabaci , the main spreader of such diseases. Bearing in mind the menace represented by these diseases and considering the role played by edible legumes and other crops as direct protein and carbohydrate sources for the population of many tropical areas of the world, the present chapter is written in the hope that it would be of help to those involved in the research with aleyrodids and the agents they transmit. Special attention is devoted in this chapter to the diseases occurring in the Western Hemisphere, particularly to those prevailing in the Caribbean and in Central and South America.

144 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Mar 1998-Virology
TL;DR: The results suggest that there are genes in both MCMV and WSMV which directly or indirectly affect the replication and/or spread of the other virus in CLN.

138 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Nov 1977-Virology
TL;DR: Bean golden yellow mosaic virus (GYMV) DNA sedimented in sucrose density gradients and in an analytical ultracentrifuge as a single component and represents the first reported single-stranded DNA virus from plants.

120 citations

References
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Journal ArticleDOI
01 May 1961-Virology
TL;DR: A technique is described for the isolation of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) ribonucleic acid (RNA) of higher purity and, as will be shown in the subsequent paper, of increased stability.

608 citations

Book ChapterDOI
TL;DR: The structural and physical chemical studies on TMV considered in this chapter provide a picture of the way in which the viral nucleic acid is packaged for transmission, and illustrate some general principles regarding the molecular organization of biological structures.
Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter explores the recent studies on the chemistry of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), which provides insight into both the molecular basis of virus pathogenicity and the basic mechanism of information transfer from nucleic acid to protein. The structural and physical chemical studies on TMV considered in this chapter provide a picture of the way in which the viral nucleic acid is packaged for transmission, and illustrate some general principles regarding the molecular organization of biological structures. The chapter discusses that the stability of virus particles is a property of their structural organization. The nature of this structural organization is analyzed in a number of different ways. First, it describes the physical and geometrical principles that apply to the construction of a virus particle. Second, the arrangement of the molecules—which build the virus particle—is determined by X-ray analysis and electron microscopy. Third, from the known structure and the construction principles, the physicochemical observations on the process of virus assembly and disassembly are also interpreted. Fourth, by combination of chemical, physicochemical, and structural studies the nature of some of the specific noncovalent bonding determines the virus structure that can be established. The ultimate goal is the construction of a molecular model of the virus particle, which would account for all its structural properties.

498 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A spectrophotometric method which eliminates interference due to nucleic acid absorbance has been developed for determining protein concentration over the range of 5 to 180 μg/ml and the results obtained have been compared to those obtained with the Folin-Lowry and microbiuret methods.

429 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Reaction with formaldehyde has been used to denature the bihelical regions of RNA and convert the polynucleotides into random coils characterized by a single equation relating the logarithm of the sedimentation coefficient to that of the molecular weight.

213 citations

Book ChapterDOI
TL;DR: The chapter describes that phenol deproteinization involves the treatment of biological material with water-saturated phenol, provides immediate and practically complete inactivation of nucleases, causes no degradation of polyribonucleotide chains during the isolation procedure, completely removes the proteins, and thus secures a high purity of the RNA preparation.
Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter discusses that the study of high-polymer RNA's is the discovery of biological activity (infectivity) of the virus RNA. Investigations first permitted the statement that the isolated RNA preparations were actually native, and that the methods of RNA isolation used, particularly phenol deproteinization, did not destroy the nativity of the RNA obtained. The chapter describes that phenol deproteinization involves the treatment of biological material with water-saturated phenol, provides immediate and practically complete inactivation of nucleases, causes no degradation of polyribonucleotide chains during the isolation procedure, completely removes the proteins, and thus secures a high purity of the RNA preparation. Apparently the methods involving phenol deproteinization are at present the best for the isolation of RNA from various biological materials. It is evident that lack of such a criterion as biological activity would be a great obstacle in any serious attempts to study the macromolecular structure of RNA. Thus the discovery made in the laboratories has greatly stimulated the investigations of macromolecular structure of native RNA from tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), at first, and of high-polymer RNA from cellular organisms later. When the “soluble” RNA was discovered and its specific biological activity established, the question of physical properties and native structure of this type of cellular RNA also arises.

208 citations