Proposal of Chlamydia pecorum sp. nov. for Chlamydia strains derived from ruminants.
01 Apr 1992-International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology (Microbiology Society)-Vol. 42, Iss: 2, pp 306-308
TL;DR: The C. pecorum strains were distinguished from C. psittaci strains by the results of immunological assays, including an immunofluorescence antibody assay performed with monoclonal antibodies and an immunoblot analysis of the immunological specificity of the major outer membrane protein.
Abstract: Chlamydia pecorum sp. nov. is proposed as the fourth species of the genus Chlamydia on the basis of the results of a genetic analysis of Chlamydia strains that were isolated from cattle and sheep which had various diseases, including sporadic encephalitis, infectious polyarthritis, pneumonia, and diarrhea. The levels of DNA-DNA homology between C. pecorum and strains of C. psittaci, Chlamydia pneumoniae, and Chlamydia trachomatis were less than 10%. Several DNA probes were used to identify C. pecorum. The C. pecorum strains were distinguished from C. psittaci strains by the results of immunological assays, including an immunofluorescence antibody assay performed with monoclonal antibodies and an immunoblot analysis of the immunological specificity of the major outer membrane protein. Species identification was based on results obtained from DNA analyses and serology. The type strain of C. pecorum is strain ATCC VR628.
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TL;DR: A reclassification of the order Chlamydiales and its current taxa is proposed in this article, which retains currently known strains with > 90% 16S rRNA identity in the family Chlamdianaceae and separates other chlamydia-like organisms that have 80-90% 16s rRNA relatedness to the chlamydiaceae into new families.
Abstract: The current taxonomic classification of Chlamydia is based on limited phenotypic, morphologic and genetic criteria This classification does not take into account recent analysis of the ribosomal operon or recently identified obligately intracellular organisms that have a chlamydia-like developmental cycle of replication Neither does it provide a systematic rationale for identifying new strains In this study, phylogenetic analyses of the 16S and 23S rRNA genes are presented with corroborating genetic and phenotypic information to show that the order Chlamydiales contains at least four distinct groups at the family level and that within the Chlamydiaceae are two distinct lineages which branch into nine separate clusters In this report a reclassification of the order Chlamydiales and its current taxa is proposed This proposal retains currently known strains with > 90% 16S rRNA identity in the family Chlamydiaceae and separates other chlamydia-like organisms that have 80--90% 16S rRNA relatedness to the Chlamydiaceae into new families Chlamydiae that were previously described as ‘Candidatus Parachlamydia acanthamoebae’ Amann, Springer, Schonhuber, Ludwig, Schmid, Muller and Michel 1997, become members of Parachlamydiaceae fam nov, Parachlamydia acanthamoebae gen nov, sp nov ‘Simkania’ strain Z becomes the founding member of Simkaniaceae fam nov, Simkania negevensis gen nov, sp nov The fourth group, which includes strain WSU 86--1044, was left unnamed The Chlamydiaceae, which currently has only the genus Chlamydia, is divided into two genera, Chlamydia and Chlamydophila gen nov Two new species, Chlamydia muridarum sp nov and Chlamydia suis sp nov, join Chlamydia trachomatis in the emended genus Chlamydia Chlamydophila gen nov assimilates the current species, Chlamydia pecorum, Chlamydia pneumoniae and Chlamydia psittaci, to form Chlamydophila pecorum comb nov, Chlamydophila pneumoniae comb nov and Chlamydophila psittaci comb nov Three new Chlamydophila species are derived from Chlamydia psittaci: Chlamydophila abortus gen nov, sp nov, Chlamydophila caviae gen nov, sp nov and Chlamydophila felis gen nov, sp nov Emended descriptions for the order Chlamydiales and for the family Chlamydiaceae are provided These families, genera and species are readily distinguished by analysis of signature sequences in the 165 and 235 ribosomal genes
920 citations
TL;DR: The chlamydiae are an evolutionarily distinct group of eubacteria sharing an obligate intracellular lifestyle and a unique developmental cycle that has been well characterized under favorable cell culture conditions.
Abstract: The chlamydiae are an evolutionarily distinct group of eubacteria sharing an obligate intracellular lifestyle and a unique developmental cycle that has been well characterized under favorable cell culture conditions. This cycle begins when infectious, metabolically inert elementary bodies (EB)
469 citations
Cites background from "Proposal of Chlamydia pecorum sp. n..."
...Chlamydia pneumoniae (42) and Chlamydia pecorum (34), formerly known as strains of C....
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459 citations
TL;DR: This review focuses on the accumulating evidence that chronic infection with Chlamydia pneumoniae, a ubiquitous human respiratory pathogen, might contribute to atherosclerotic lesion progression.
Abstract: Cardiovascular disease, of which atherosclerosis is an important component, is the leading cause of death in the western world. Although there are well-defined risk factors for atherosclerosis, these factors do not account for all incidences of the disease. Because atherosclerotic processes are typified by chronic inflammatory responses, which are similar to those that are elicited by chronic infection, the role of infection in promoting or accelerating atherosclerosis has received renewed attention. This review focuses on the accumulating evidence that chronic infection with Chlamydia pneumoniae, a ubiquitous human respiratory pathogen, might contribute to atherosclerotic lesion progression.
274 citations
Cites background from "Proposal of Chlamydia pecorum sp. n..."
...The EB of C. pneumoniae is typically pear-shaped (0.44 x 0.31 µm) (b), in contrast to the EBs of other chlamydial species, which are round (~0.3 µm) (c)....
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...Smooth-muscle cells are infected by the EBs, which stimulates proliferation....
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...Otherwise the RBs re-differentiate into EBs (5), and are released by lysis of the host cell, after which other cell types can be infected....
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TL;DR: The first part of the present review gives an overview on the history of infectious agents of the order Chlamydiales and the general infection biology of ChlamYDophila (C.) psittaci, the causative agent of psittacosis.
223 citations
Cites background from "Proposal of Chlamydia pecorum sp. n..."
...In the late 1960s, two species were distinguished within the genus Chlamydia: C. trachomatis (Capponi and Haider, 1969) and C. psittaci (Tamura et al., 1971), to which the species C. pneumoniae (Grayston et al., 1989) and C. pecorum (Fukushi and Hirai, 1992) were added in the 1990s....
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References
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TL;DR: A third species, Chlamydia pneumoniae, is proposed for the genusChlamydia, which is a human respiratory pathogen, which has been referred to as the TWAR strain of Chlam Lydia.
Abstract: A third species, Chlamydia pneumoniae, is proposed for the genus Chlamydia. This bacterium is a human respiratory pathogen, which has been referred to as the TWAR strain of Chlamydia. Species identification is based on ultrastructural differences in the elementary bodies, deoxyribonucleic acid analysis, and serology.
394 citations
TL;DR: Preparations of DNA from 12 Chlam Lydia psittaci isolates and one Chlamydia trachomatis strain were compared by restriction endonuclease analysis, and four distinct electropherotypes were demonstrated when ovine abortion, ovine arthritis, and avian and Cal10 strains of C. psittaca were examined.
Abstract: Preparations of DNA from 12 Chlamydia psittaci isolates and one Chlamydia trachomatis strain were compared by restriction endonuclease analysis. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, followed by silver staining, resulted in optimal resolution of fragments generated by digestion. By this technique, four distinct electropherotypes were demonstrated when ovine abortion, ovine arthritis, and avian and Cal10 strains of C. psittaci were examined. Minor profile differences allowed the discrimination of avian isolates derived from psittacine and columbiforme species, and the Cal10 DNA electropherotype was shown to have features in common with these profiles. However, there were no detectable differences in the DNA patterns of eight ovine abortion isolates. Images
181 citations
"Proposal of Chlamydia pecorum sp. n..." refers background in this paper
...Differences between ovine polyarthritis strains and ovine abortion strains have also been observed (5, 11, 22)....
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Journal Article•
TL;DR: A review of the literature concerning chlamydial infection in birds and animals, particularly domestic animals, is presented and the possibility of zoonotic transmission is discussed.
Abstract: A review of the literature concerning chlamydial infection in birds and animals, particularly domestic animals is presented. Following a general discussion of the agent, the nature of chlamydial infection and diagnostic criteria, information regarding disease is summarized for each species. The possibility of zoonotic transmission is also discussed.
143 citations
"Proposal of Chlamydia pecorum sp. n..." refers background in this paper
...Subsequently, many strains have been isolated from cattle and sheep that have pneumonia, encephalomyelitis, and polyarthritis and from feces of healthy animals (14, 19)....
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TL;DR: Most immunotypes identified induced cross-reacting antibodies against each other, but no significantCross-reactions were observed with elementary bodies of the mouse pneumonitis strain of C. trachomatis.
Abstract: A group of twenty-five isolates of Chlamydia psittaci representing at least seven different biotypes of bovine, ovine, caprine, equine, feline, porcine, and guinea pig origin were immunotyped by an indirect microimmunofluorescence test. Different groups of chlamydia-free BALB/c mice received two weekly intravenous inoculations with chicken embryo-propagated, partially purified elementary bodies of each strain. Antisera for immunotyping were collected 4 days after the first inoculation and 3 to 4 days after the second inoculation and tested for antichlamydial immunoglobulin M and immunoglobulin G antibodies by the indirect microimmunofluorescence test with cell culture-propagated, partially purified homologous and heterologous antigens. Nine immunotypes of C. psittaci were distinguished. The correlation between immunotypes and biotypes was close, and a pattern of either disease or host specificity could be associated with each immunotype. Most immunotypes identified induced cross-reacting antibodies against each other, but no significant cross-reactions were observed with elementary bodies of the mouse pneumonitis strain of C. trachomatis. Findings from this study should provide the necessary background for the rational selection of prototype strains of C. psittaci for further antigenic analysis at the molecular level.
131 citations
TL;DR: The bacteria which cause the psittacosis-trachoma group of diseases and which are assigned to the genus Chlamydia Jones, Rake, and Stearns, 1945, can be separated conveniently and logically into two species using tests that can be performed readily in the laboratory.
Abstract: The bacteria which cause the psittacosis-trachoma group of diseases and which are assigned to the genus Chlamydia Jones, Rake, and Stearns, 1945, can be separated conveniently and logically into two species. This separation is based on relatively stable morphological and chemical characteristics of the organisms rather than on their presumed host or tissue preferences or on the specific serology of their cell wall antigens. The type species Chlamydia trachomatis (Busacca) Rake 1957 is differentiated from the second species Chlamydia psittaci (Lillie 1930) comb. nov., by a simple key using tests that can be performed readily in the laboratory. Each species is defined, and the laboratory tests are described.
119 citations
"Proposal of Chlamydia pecorum sp. n..." refers background in this paper
...psittaci were the first two species assigned to the genus Chlamydia on the basis of differences in inclusion morphology, glycogen content, susceptibility to sulfadiazine, and natural hosts (7,15)....
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