Prospective Efficient Ambient Energy Harvesting Sources for IoT-Equipped Sensor Applications
TL;DR: Different types of ambient energy harvesting systems which can power IoT-enabled sensors, as well as wireless sensor networks (WSNs), are reviewed and the challenges which need to be overcome to make IoT- enabled sensors more durable, reliable, energy-efficient, and economical are identified.
Abstract: In the past few years, the internet of things (IoT) has garnered a lot of attention owing to its significant deployment for fulfilling the global demand. It has been seen that power-efficient devices such as sensors and IoT play a significant role in our regular lives. However, the popularity of IoT sensors and low-power electronic devices is limited due to the lower lifetime of various energy resources which are needed for powering the sensors over time. For overcoming this issue, it is important to design and develop better, high-performing, and effective energy harvesting systems. In this article, different types of ambient energy harvesting systems which can power IoT-enabled sensors, as well as wireless sensor networks (WSNs), are reviewed. Various energy harvesting models which can increase the sustainability of the energy supply required for IoT devices are also discussed. Furthermore, the challenges which need to be overcome to make IoT-enabled sensors more durable, reliable, energy-efficient, and economical are identified.
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TL;DR: Machine-learning approaches, the versatility of metamaterials, and more advanced interface circuits should receive more attention from researchers, since these cutting-edge techniques may have the potential to address the multi-physics modeling problem of FIV energy harvesters and significantly improve the operation performance.
Abstract: Flow-induced vibration (FIV) energy harvesting has attracted extensive research interest in the past two decades. Remarkable research achievements and contributions from different aspects are briefly overviewed. Example applications of FIV energy harvesting techniques in the development of Internet of Things are mentioned. The challenges and difficulties in this field are summarized from two sides. First, the multi-physics coupling problem in FIV energy harvesting still cannot be well handled. There is a lack of system-level theoretical modeling that can accurately account for fluid–structure interaction, the electromechanical coupling, and complicated interface circuits. Second, the robustness of FIV energy harvesters needs to be further improved to adapt to the uncertainties in practical scenarios. To be more specific, the cut-in wind speed is expected to be further reduced and the power output to be increased. Finally, Perspectives on the future development in this direction are discussed. Machine-learning approaches, the versatility of metamaterials, and more advanced interface circuits should receive more attention from researchers, since these cutting-edge techniques may have the potential to address the multi-physics modeling problem of FIV energy harvesters and significantly improve the operation performance. In addition, in-depth collaborations between researchers from different disciplines are anticipated to promote the FIV energy harvesting technology to step out of the lab and into real applications.
54 citations
01 Jan 2016
TL;DR: In this paper, the fundamentals of solar cells photovoltaic solar energy conversion were downloaded and used for malicious download of a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they cope with some infectious virus inside their desktop computer.
Abstract: Thank you for downloading fundamentals of solar cells photovoltaic solar energy conversion. As you may know, people have search hundreds times for their chosen novels like this fundamentals of solar cells photovoltaic solar energy conversion, but end up in malicious downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they cope with some infectious virus inside their desktop computer.
43 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , a systematic literature survey of IoT, IoT-based wearable devices, and the role of 5G in IoT for healthcare is described in detail, in which the usage of wearable devices in detecting the issue in terms of healthcare, such as curing, monitoring, and detection of disease.
Abstract: An individual's health is one of the essential aspects of life, but due to the limited technology at health care centers, many people face various restrictions during their treatment. These days, Internet-of-Things (IoT) is the most fascinating topic that provides solutions to these limitations in various ways. The IoT is utilized in various healthcare conducts that include detection, treatment, and monitoring of diseases. Wearable devices are a part of IoT that is proposed for helping patients to get the correct treatment. The conventional communication networks developed for humans-based applications face many issues like stringent latency, restricted computing capability, and short battery life. On the other hand, the onset of 5G has developed a new set of technologies that offer the vital "backbone” for connecting to the billions of devices for the upcoming IoT that would completely modify our professional and private lives. Due to the data capabilities, intelligent management, and superfast connectivity of 5G, this network has enabled new health care opportunities that include treatment, data analytics, diagnostics, and imaging. In the current review, a systematic literature survey of IoT, IoT-based wearable devices, and the role of 5G in IoT for healthcare is described in detail. Furthermore, we have explained the usage of wearable devices in detecting the issue in terms of healthcare, such as curing, monitoring, and detection of disease. Nevertheless, this review article also emphasizes the employment of IoT architecture and its wearable devices in addition to the upcoming research challenges related to this area.
35 citations
TL;DR: A energy harvested and cooperative-enabled efficient routing protocol (EHCRP) for IoT-WBANs is proposed that achieves efficient and effective multi-hop routing of data and improves the reliability and efficiency of data transmission over the network.
Abstract: The health industry is one of the most auspicious domains for the application of Internet of Things (IoT) based technologies. Lots of studies have been carried out in the health industry field to minimize the use of resources and increase the efficiency. The use of IoT combined with other technologies has brought quality advancement in the health sector at minimum expense. One such technology is the use of wireless body area networks (WBANs), which will help patients incredibly in the future and will make them more productive because there will be no need for staying at home or a hospital for a long time. WBANs and IoT have an integrated future as WBANs, like any IoT application, are a collection of heterogeneous sensor-based devices. For the better amalgamation of the IoT and WBANs, several hindrances blocking their integration need to be addressed. One such problem is the efficient routing of data in limited resource sensor nodes (SNs) in WBANs. To solve this and other problems, such as transmission of duplicate sensed data, limited network lifetime, etc., energy harvested and cooperative-enabled efficient routing protocol (EHCRP) for IoT-WBANs is proposed. The proposed protocol considers multiple parameters of WBANs for efficient routing such as residual energy of SNs, number of hops towards the sink, node congestion levels, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and available network bandwidth. A path cost estimation function is calculated to select forwarder node using these parameters. Due to the efficient use of the path-cost estimation process, the proposed mechanism achieves efficient and effective multi-hop routing of data and improves the reliability and efficiency of data transmission over the network. After extensive simulations, the achieved results of the proposed protocol are compared with state-of-the-art techniques, i.e., E-HARP, EB-MADM, PCRP and EERP. The results show significant improvement in network lifetime, network throughout, and end-to-end delay.
24 citations
Cites background from "Prospective Efficient Ambient Energ..."
...Source Sensing Source Type Harvested power [30,37] Advantages...
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...A Summary of Energy Harvesting Source, Mechanism and Efficiency Source Sensing Source Type Harvested Power [30,37] Advantages Solar Photovoltaic Cells Natural 12 mW/cm2 Inexhaustible and clean Ambient Indoor light Photovoltaic Cells Artificial/Natural 100 mW/cm2 Inexhaustible and clean Thermoelectric Thermocouple Artificial 60 µW/cm 2 at ∆T = 5 ◦C Small size, no vibration and noise and reliable performance Ambient Air flow MEMS turbine Natur l 1 mW/cm3 at 301/min - Wind Anemometer Artificial/Natural Upto 1200 mW/day Widely available Footfalls Piezoelectric Artificial 5 W Easily available Finger motion Piezoelectric Artificial 2.1 mW High conversionefficiency Exhalation Breath Mask Artificial 0.4 W High conversionefficiency Breathing Ratchet-Flywheel Artificial 0.42 W Pollution free e ergy Blood Pressure Micro-generator Natural 0.37 W - 4....
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...A Summary of Energy Harvesting Source, Mechanism and Efficiency Source Sensing Source Type Harvested Power [30,37] Advantages Solar Photovoltaic Cells Natural 12 mW/cm2 Inexhaustible and clean Ambient Indoor light Photovoltaic Cells Artificial/Natural 100 mW/cm2 Inexhaustible and clean...
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TL;DR: GrapheneFerro as mentioned in this paper is a project of UEFISCDI project number PN•III•P4•ID•PCCF•2016•0033 (http://www.grapheneferro.org/)
Abstract: Unitatea Executiva pentru Finantarea Invatamantului Superior, a Cercetarii, Dezvoltarii si Inovarii (UEFISCDI project number PN‐III‐P4‐ID‐PCCF‐2016‐0033 “GrapheneFerro”)
20 citations
References
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors demonstrate a simple, low cost and effective approach of using the charging process in friction to convert mechanical energy into electric power for driving small electronics, which is fabricated by stacking two polymer sheets made of materials having distinctly different triboelectric characteristics, with metal films deposited on the top and bottom of the assembled structure.
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TL;DR: Five IoT technologies that are essential in the deployment of successful IoT-based products and services are presented and three IoT categories for enterprise applications used to enhance customer value are discussed and the real option approach is illustrated.
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"Prospective Efficient Ambient Energ..." refers background in this paper
...Because of the diversity in the energy densities of ambient energy sources, hybrid energy harvesting systems (HEHSs) play a vital role in the IoT sector [15,55,56]....
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TL;DR: Various aspects of energy harvesting sensor systems- architecture, energy sources and storage technologies and examples of harvesting-based nodes and applications are surveyed and the implications of recharge opportunities on sensor node operation and design of sensor network solutions are discussed.
Abstract: Sensor networks with battery-powered nodes can seldom simultaneously meet the design goals of lifetime, cost, sensing reliability and sensing and transmission coverage. Energy-harvesting, converting ambient energy to electrical energy, has emerged as an alternative to power sensor nodes. By exploiting recharge opportunities and tuning performance parameters based on current and expected energy levels, energy harvesting sensor nodes have the potential to address the conflicting design goals of lifetime and performance. This paper surveys various aspects of energy harvesting sensor systems- architecture, energy sources and storage technologies and examples of harvesting-based nodes and applications. The study also discusses the implications of recharge opportunities on sensor node operation and design of sensor network solutions.
1,870 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a vibration-based piezoelectric generator has been developed as an enabling technology for wireless sensor networks, where the authors discuss the modeling, design, and optimization of the generator based on a two-layer bending element.
Abstract: Enabling technologies for wireless sensor networks have gained considerable attention in research communities over the past few years. It is highly desirable, even necessary in certain situations, for wireless sensor nodes to be self-powered. With this goal in mind, a vibration based piezoelectric generator has been developed as an enabling technology for wireless sensor networks. The focus of this paper is to discuss the modeling, design, and optimization of a piezoelectric generator based on a two-layer bending element. An analytical model of the generator has been developed and validated. In addition to providing intuitive design insight, the model has been used as the basis for design optimization. Designs of 1 cm3 in size generated using the model have demonstrated a power output of 375 µW from a vibration source of 2.5 m s−2 at 120 Hz. Furthermore, a 1 cm3 generator has been used to power a custom designed 1.9 GHz radio transmitter from the same vibration source.
1,782 citations
"Prospective Efficient Ambient Energ..." refers background in this paper
...The commercial macro-EHS generates about 100 mW of energy, which decreases to 1 mW in the case of miniaturized EHSs [64]....
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...This led to a better research scope for self-powered electronic devices, such as wireless modules and battery replacements [64]....
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Abstract: Fiber-based structures are highly desirable for wearable electronics that are expected to be light-weight, long-lasting, flexible, and conformable Many fibrous structures have been manufactured by well-established lost-effective textile processing technologies, normally at ambient conditions The advancement of nanotechnology has made it feasible to build electronic devices directly on the surface or inside of single fibers, which have typical thickness of several to tens microns However, imparting electronic functions to porous, highly deformable and three-dimensional fiber assemblies and maintaining them during wear represent great challenges from both views of fundamental understanding and practical implementation This article attempts to critically review the current state-of-arts with respect to materials, fabrication techniques, and structural design of devices as well as applications of the fiber-based wearable electronic products In addition, this review elaborates the performance requirements of the fiber-based wearable electronic products, especially regarding the correlation among materials, fiber/textile structures and electronic as well as mechanical functionalities of fiber-based electronic devices Finally, discussions will be presented regarding to limitations of current materials, fabrication techniques, devices concerning manufacturability and performance as well as scientific understanding that must be improved prior to their wide adoption
1,626 citations
"Prospective Efficient Ambient Energ..." refers background in this paper
...Because of the diversity in the energy densities of ambient energy sources, hybrid energy harvesting systems (HEHSs) play a vital role in the IoT sector [15,55,56]....
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